有机氯农药在南京市郊蔬菜中的生物富集与质量安全  

Bioaccumulation of organochlorine pesticides and quality safety in vegetables from Nanjing suburb

作　　者：郜红建[1] 蒋新[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,南京210008

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2005年第1期90-93,共4页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：国家杰出青年科学基金(40325001);国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(2002CB410805);中国科学院知识创新工程领域前沿项目(ISSASIP0202)

摘　　要：用气相色谱 电子捕获检测器(GC ECD)测定南京市郊蔬菜中的有机氯农药残留.结果表明,12种有机氯农药在所有的供试蔬菜中均有检出,DDT和HCH在各蔬菜中的含量较高,分别占有机氯农药总残留量的49 5%～75 0%和13 9%～28 2%.Wα HCH Wγ HCH和WDDE WDDT的比值在各蔬菜体内均小于或等于1,说明这些蔬菜生长的环境中可能有新的有机氯污染物的输入.各种蔬菜对有机氯农药总量的富集因子为0 41～0 78,富集能力最大的为胡萝卜,蒜苗和菠菜.HCH类农药在各种蔬菜体内的生物富集因子(0 70～1 10)要高于DDT类(0 28～0 80).胡萝卜对HCH和DDT等有机氯农药的富集能力较强,而莴苣、蒜苗和菠菜对六氯苯、狄氏剂,异狄氏剂和硫丹有较高的生物富集能力.虽然各种蔬菜体内有机氯农药的残留量低于国家最大残留限量,但其检出率仍为100%,仍然对农产品质量安全和人类健康造成潜在的威胁.Accumulation of representative POPs in vegetables was determined in raw vegetables from vegetable base of Nanjin, China. Organochlorine pesticide residues were extracted from chopped samples by using a mixture of hexane and acetone (4∶1, V/V), cleaned up with SPE column and subsequent eluted with dichloromethane and petroleum ether (1∶9, V/V), then analyzed by gas chromatography equipped with a ^(63)Ni electron-capture detector (ECD) system. Twelve organochlorine pesticides which were : p,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDD, o,p'-DDT, o,p’-DDE,α-HCH,β-HCH,γ-HCH,δ-HCH, dieldrin and endrin were 100% detected in all ten vegetables. The residue levels in carrot, spinach and garlic leaf were higher than that in other vegetables. In each vegetable, the concentration order of OCPs was ∑DDT>∑HCH>dieldrin, endrin and HCB. DDT and HCH were the main OCPs residues in vegetables, accounting for 49.5% to 75.0% and 13.9% to 28.2% of all OCPs residues detected, respectively. The ratio of W_(α-HCH)/W_(γ-HCH) and W_(DDE) /W_(DDT) were below or equal to 1.0, which indicated that Lindane and DDT might be input into environment recently. The bioconcentration factors of OCPs in different vegetables were between 0.41 and 0.78, and bioconcentrating ability of carrot, garlic leaves and spinach were higher than others. The BCFs of HCHs(0.70 to 1.10) in all vegetables were higher than DDTs'(0.28 to 0.80). In all vegetables investegated, carrot could bioconcentrate more HCHs and DDT than other vegetables, whose BCF were 1.10 and 0.80 respectively. Meanwhile, lettuce, garlic leaves and spinach could absorb more HCB, Dieldrin and Endrin from environment. Though the average levels were generally low and none of then was above MRL of national standard, it still was dangerous to food quality and human health.

关 键 词：有机氯农药 生物富集 市郊 富集能力 Γ-HCH 有机氯污染物 DDT 体内 残留量 检出 

分 类 号：X592[环境科学与工程—环境工程] R743[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]