影响正常幼儿词汇发育的个体和家庭因素的研究  

Individual and family factors influencing vocabulary development in toddlers

作　　者：郝波[1] 梁卫兰[2] 王爽[2] 季成叶[3] 张致祥[2] 左启华[2] Tardif T Fletcher P 

机构地区：[1]北京大学第一医院妇产科,100034 [2]北京大学第一医院儿科,100034 [3]北京大学公共卫生学院妇女保健与儿少卫生系,100083 [4]美国密西根大学 [5]香港大学

出　　处：《中华儿科杂志》2004年第12期908-912,共5页Chinese Journal of Pediatrics

基　　金：香港政府基金资助项目 (HKU715 8199H)

摘　　要：目的　了解幼儿词汇发育水平及影响幼儿词汇发育的个体和家庭社会因素。方法采用现况定量研究方法。用多阶段分层不等比例抽样方法在北京 4个城区中的 2个城区抽取样本。用“中文早期语言与沟通发展量表”(CCDI)及个人背景问卷 ,对北京城区 10 5 6名 16～ 30个月正常幼儿的母亲或日间照顾人进行面对面问卷调查。用两样本成组秩和检验比较同年龄不同性别幼儿词汇发育水平 ,用单因素相关分析和多重回归分析方法探讨影响幼儿词汇发展的因素。结果　 16个月时 ,男童会说 2 2个词 ,女童会说 84个词 ;2 9～ 30个月时 ,男童会说 72 5个词 ,女童会说 75 2个词。调查地区 16～ 30个月龄正常幼儿词汇水平高于以往讲英语儿童的文献报道。部分月龄组女童词汇得分中位数高于男童。单因素和多重回归分析结果显示 ,母亲受教育程度高、父亲年轻、幼儿开始说话月龄早、幼儿气质情绪随和、幼儿身长较高、女孩、月龄大等因素有利于幼儿词汇发展。结论　北京城区正常幼儿词汇发育水平较高。部分个体和家庭因素可能对幼儿词汇发育有影响。Objective Many researchers have conducted studies on child language development and relevant risk factors, but most of these studies were about English-speaking children and few of them were on Chinese-speaking children, and less reports of studies on language development of infants or toddlers are available as compared to those on children above 3 years of age. The objective of this study was to assess the level of vocabulary development of healthy toddlers in urban Beijing and to investigate toddlers' physical and psychological development and socioeconomic status of toddlers' family so as to identify factors related to toddlers' language development and provide basis for instructing parents child-rearing. Method This is a quantitative cross-sectional study. Using Chinese Communicative Development Inventory mandarin version, (CCDI)and related background questionnaire, a survey was conducted among the parents or care givers of 1056 healthy toddlers(16～30 months), randomly stratified and selected from two areas of four urban districts in Beijing. The children who were born prematurely, who had low birth weight, or who were deaf, dumb or with disability, were excluded from this study. The mothers who were deaf, dumb or having disability were not included in this study, either. Rank sum test was used to compare the vocabulary scores between boys and girls at the same age. Single and multiple factors analysis were used to find related factors. Results By 16 months of age, boys could speak about 22 words and girls 84 words on the CCDI. By 29-30 months of age, boys could speak about 725 words and girls 752 words on the CCDI. The level of vocabulary development of healthy toddlers in urban Beijing was higher than that reported in previous studies of English-speaking children. Girls had higher vocabulary scores than boys in a few different age groups. Single factor analysis showed that the ages of father and mother, income of father, the language used by care-givers and GDP of the families were factors related to fa

关 键 词：正常 幼儿 男童 女童 发育水平 单因素 影响 词汇 家庭因素 得分 

分 类 号：B844.1[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学]