青藏铁路工程对高寒草地生态系统的影响  

THE IMPACTS OF RAILROAD ENGINEERING ON THE ALPINE GRASSLAND ECOSYSTEM IN THE QINGHAI-TIBET PLATEAU

作　　者：王根绪[1] 吴青柏[1] 王一博[1] 郭正刚[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,兰州730000

出　　处：《科技导报》2005年第1期8-13,共6页Science & Technology Review

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30270255);中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目(KZCX1-SX-04)

摘　　要：分析了青藏铁路冻土区段高寒生态系统主要分布类型及其变化背景,利用对青藏公路工程的类比调查数据,研究了不同高寒生态系统对工程扰动的抗干扰能力和受损后的自然恢复能力,以及不同生态系统与冻土环境的相互关系。综合考虑干扰场地土壤环境、冻土条件以及不同生态系统对干扰的抵抗与恢复能力等要素,提出了评价青藏铁路对生态环境影响的综合干扰度方法和定量评价模型,基于未来不同气候演变情境及其与人类工程活动耦合下冻土环境变化及其对高寒生态系统的影响;结合青藏铁路施工方案,定量评价了青藏铁路工程对高寒生态系统的可能影响。结果表明:大部分严重干扰施工地带对高寒草甸草地只有中等程度影响,影响区高寒草地植被覆盖度将维持在50%以上,高寒草原区严重工程扰动地带除了局部有明显影响外,大部分地区只有中等至轻度影响;而中度与轻度工程扰动区域,工程对高寒生态系统的影响轻微。The distribution characteristics and regional changing background of alpine cold ecosystem along the railroad, where the permafrost was located, are analyzed. Based on the comparison of the variation laws of the ecosystem along the Qinghai-Tibet highway line and the relationship between permafrost environment and various alpine ecosystem, the integrative disturbed degree index method and its quantitative assessment model, which comprised with the factors of engineering disturbed soil environmental change, permafrost condition change and the restoration degree and anti-disturbing capacity of the various alpine cold ecosystem, are put forward and used to estimate the impacts of railroad engineering on the alpine cold ecosystem in Tibetan plateau. According to the climate change scene in future 50 years and the construction measures of the Qinghai-Tibet railroad, the impacts estimating results show that the most serious disturbing construction actions have a middle degree of influence on ecosystem with maintaining the disturbed grassland coverage over 50%. Meanwhile, the influence on alpine steppe ecosystem will be in middle and light degree. For the middle and light disturbing construction actions, there will be slight influence on alpine ecosystems.

关 键 词：高寒草地 生态系统 区段 恢复能力 土壤环境 高寒草甸 部分地区 影响 轻度 中度 

分 类 号：U212[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程] X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学]