酸雨对水稻、小麦和油菜种子萌发的影响  

Effect of Acid Rain on Seed Germination of Rice, Wheat and Rape

作　　者：曾庆玲[1] 黄晓华[2] 周青[1] 

机构地区：[1]江南大学工业生物技术教育部重点实验室,无锡214036 [2]南京师范大学化学与环境科学学院,南京210097

出　　处：《环境科学》2005年第1期181-184,共4页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家发展改革委员会基金项目(GFZ040628);江苏省科技厅基金项目(BG2001045)

摘　　要：采用pH2 0、2 5、3 0、3 5、4 0与 5 0模拟酸雨处理水稻、小麦和油菜种子的实验结果表明 ,3者在pH 2 0时不发芽 ,在pH 2 5时只有水稻和小麦异状发芽 ,pH≥ 3 0时 ,水稻、小麦和油菜种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数都与pH值显著正相关 ,水稻和小麦的异状发芽率则随pH值上升而降低 .部分生理指标的实验结果表明 ,水稻、小麦和油菜的吸水值、呼吸速率和贮藏物质运转效率也与 pH值显著正相关 ,水稻与小麦贮藏物质消耗率与pH值显著正相关 ,而油菜与 pH值显著负相关 ;水稻、小麦和油菜的芽、根长抑制指数都与 pH值显著负相关 .酸雨胁迫下 ,种子各项指标变幅为水稻 <小麦 <油菜 ,这表明抗酸雨胁迫能力为水稻 >小麦 >油菜 .Rice, wheat and rape seeds were treated with simulated acid rain at pH 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5,4.0 and 5.0 levels for 7 days in order to understand the effects of acid rain on seed germination of various acid-fast plant. The germination test showed that seed germination was absolutely inhibited at pH 2.0 for three species. Rice and wheat seeds germinated abnorma11y at pH 2.5. When pH values above 3.0, percentage germination, germination energy, germination index, vigor index of rice, wheat and rape seeds increased in relation with decreased acidity levels. In contrast, the percentage of abnormal germination of rice and wheat decreased. The experiment data about physiological aspect demonstrated that water absorption rate, respiratory rate and storage reserve transformation rate of rice, wheat and rape seeds also increased with increased pH values. The storage loss of rice and wheat increased with increased pH values but that of rape decreased. Inhibition index of shoot and root length of three kinds of seeds decreased in relation with increased pH values. The amplitude difference of index of rice was lower than that of wheat, and wheat was lower than that of rape. The experiment data showed that rice had stronger fastness than wheat and rape, wheat had stronger fastness than rape under acid rain stress.

关 键 词：酸雨 水稻 小麦油菜 种子萌发 

分 类 号：X173[环境科学与工程—环境科学]