护士压力与应对现状分析及对策  

An Analysis on the Job Pressure among Nurses and the countermeasures against it

作　　者：陶艳玲[1] 张帆[1] 钟慈新[1] 陈瑞娟[1] 

机构地区：[1]深圳市龙岗中心医院外六科,深圳市龙岗立交桥北侧518116

出　　处：《中国护理管理》2005年第1期41-43,共3页Chinese Nursing Management

摘　　要：目的探讨《医疗事故处理条例》出台后护士的压力水平与应对方式,提出减轻护士压力的措施与建议。方法采用现状调查方法,应用护士工作压力源量表、压力应付方式问卷,对我院228名护士进行问卷调查,所得有效数据应用SPSS软件包进行统计描述。结果46.9%的护士处于高压力水平,护士的压力源主要来自护理专业及工作本身、工作量及时间分配与病人护理方面,并集中在接受检查及考核太多、担心工作中出现差错事故、上班的护士数量少、担心被投诉、工作、生活无规律、继续深造的机会少等方面。67.9%的护士常采用积极的成熟型方式应对压力,32.1%的护士常以消极或中间型方式应对压力,导致压力应对无效的主要因素为没有足够的时间休息、缺乏支持和引导、管理者不重视、个人特性、业余生活单调。结论新时期护理人员面临的压力源较多,护士压力水平高,且三成护士压力应对方式不良,从组织层面上拟定并实施各种压力减轻计划建立良好文化氛围,帮助护士提高心理保健能力、加强人力资源培训,减少控制压力来源,利用计算机网络等建立有效的支持系统以提升护士管理压力的能力,是减轻护士压力的关键。Objectives: TO explore the pressure level and the coping style among nurses after carrying out the malpractice-handling regulations and to bring forward some advice on how to relieve the pressure among nurses. Method: A prevalence survey was carried out. Nurse Job Stressors Questionnaires and Stress Coping Style Questionnaires were used to measure 228 nurses working in Long Gang Center Hospital. All data was analyzed by SPSS software. Results: There were 46.9% nurses who were in a high level of job pressure. The job stressors rooted in several aspects including nursing service itself, workload, time distribution and patient nursing and the job stressors focused on too many examinations and check-ups as well as afraid of errors and accident in work, relatively shot of nurses on a work shift, afraid of being complained, no orderliness in work and life, relatively few chances to study deeply or profoundly. There were 67.9% nurses who coped with stressors actively, but 32.1% nurses who coped with stressors passively or in a moderate way. The factors lead to inefficient coping style read that there were no enough time to relax, no enough support and guidance and no attention paid by managers. Besides, the characters of nurses and platitude recreation were accounted for their bad coping styles to stress. Conclusion: There are a lot of job stressors faced by nurses after carrying out the malpractice-handling regulations. They live in a high level of pressure and one out of three of nurses cope with the stress negatively. So bringing out some countermeasures against the pressure are necessary and key, including forming perfect culture air, helping nurses to improve psychological health care ability, enhancing personnel training, reducing and controlling the stressors, applying internet, etc.

关 键 词：护士工作 压力源 减轻 应对方式 差错事故 病人护理 护士管理 水平 能力 结论 

分 类 号：R47[医药卫生—护理学] R192.6[医药卫生—临床医学]