封丘地区主要土壤中硝态氮运移规律研究  

Rule of the Nitrate Transport in Main Soils in Fengqu Region

作　　者：邓建才[1,2] 陈效民[3] 卢信[1] 蒋新[1] 张佳宝[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京土壤研究所 [2]南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院,江苏南京210095 [3]南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2005年第1期128-133,共6页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(G1999011803); 国家杰出青年基金(40325001);'中国科学院封丘农业生态站开放基金(A991107)共同资助

摘　　要：采用室内土柱模拟试验方法对封丘地区农田土壤中硝态氮垂直运移规律进行了研究。结果表明,在饱和条件下,2种土壤中硝态氮垂直运移的穿透曲线(BTCs)存在空间差异性,风沙土和黄潮土0～30cm土层中的硝态氮出流时间早,输入的硝态氮全部流出土体所需时间短,BTCs的峰值高,但黄潮土30～60cm土层BTCs的变化则相反,硝态氮溶液全部运移出土体的时间越长,穿透曲线越平缓、峰值越低;伴随SO42-离子对2种土壤表土层中硝态氮的BTCs无明显影响,但使黄潮土中、下土层中硝态氮出流时间提前。非饱和条件下,2种土壤中硝态氮BTCs的峰值降低,输入的硝态氮速率越慢,硝态氮运移时间增长,BTCs变得越平缓,曲线的不对称性和脱尾现象越明显。农田土壤中硝态氮的含量受季节变化的影响,冬、春季硝态氮含量较高;夏、秋季则较低。Groundwater pollution by nitrate-N is one of the most significantenvironmental problems in the agricultural fields. Intensification of the agricultural practices and excessive use of nitrogen fertilizers are the main reasonsfor nitrate contamination of the groundwater. Nitrate concentration levels in the groundwater usually reach or exceed the water quality criteria (10 mg·L-1). In this paper, through using the simulating soil column indoor, the nitrate vertical transport rules in farmland soils in Fengqu region were studied. The results showed that under saturated condition, there were spatial differences in the form of the breakthrough curves (BTCs) of nitrate vertical transport in yellowfluvo-aquic and aeolian sandy soils. The effluent times of nitrate in aeoliansandy soil and topsoil layer in yellow fluvo-aquic soil were early, and the times that input nitrate all leached out of the soil column were short, and the peak values of BTCs were high, but the changes of BTCs of 30～60 cm soil layer in yellow fluvo-aquic soil were adverse: the <IMG SRC='IMAGE/03230103.JPG' HEIGHT=11 WIDTH=19>longer effluent times of nitrate removing out of soil column were, the more plain and the lower peak values of the BTCs were. Accompanying ion had no obvious effect on BTCs in aeolian sandy soil and topsoil layer in yellow fluvo-aquic soil, but maybe made effluent times of nitrate ahead. Under unsaturated condition, the peak values of the BTCs of nitrate transport in aeolian sandy and yellow fluvo-aquic soils were much lower. The duration of the transport was affected greatly by the flutes of nitrate. The asymmetry distribution and tailing phenomenon of BTCs were more distinct under the lower rates of nitrate input. The contents of nitrate in studied soils showed regular changes with the seasons, higher in winter and spring than in summer and autumn.

关 键 词：封丘地区 硝态氮 垂直运移 伴随SO4^2-离子 

分 类 号：X131.3[环境科学与工程—环境科学]