泥沙灾害与泥沙灾害链的分类分级  

Classification and gradation of sediment disasters and their chain

作　　者：李英奎[1] 倪晋仁[1] 李秀霞[1] 薛安[1] 韩鹏[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学环境工程系

出　　处：《自然灾害学报》2005年第1期15-24,共10页Journal of Natural Disasters

基　　金：国家自然科学基金委和水利部联合资助项目(59890200)

摘　　要：泥沙灾害是泥沙在其侵蚀、输移和沉积运动发生变异时产生的特殊灾害过程,在本质上不同于通常的气象灾害、水灾害、生物灾害和地质灾害。泥沙灾害有着自身的分类系统和分级规则。泥沙灾害可以按照不同的方法进行分类,从而获得不同的分类结果。泥沙灾害链是泥沙灾害过程的主要表现形式之一。基于泥沙灾害特征及泥沙圈与其他圈层相互关系的考虑,从强度和破坏程度两个方面提出了泥沙灾害系统的分类方法,获得了较为完备的泥沙灾害分类。在泥沙灾害分类分级的基础上,还研究了泥沙灾害链的分类分级。泥沙灾害链的分类可以从受灾体和致灾体两个角度采用单指标和分级分类两种方法进行划分,但采用分级分类法更能体现出泥沙灾害链的特点。Sediment disasters could be regarded as special processes generated from and accompanied with sediment erosion, transportation and deposition, which are essentially different from the metrological, flooding, biological and geological disasters. Sediment disasters should be classified and graded in terms of their own system and rules that are appropriate for description of sediment disaster behaviors. Although different methods can be considered for classification and gradation, the proposed systematic classification of sediment disasters based on major spherical layers of the earth is proved to be self-contained and is convenient for description of characteristics of sediment disaster and its relations to other disaster systems. One of the main behaviors of sediment disasters is the chain effect. Therefore, the classification and gradation of sediment disaster chain are also discussed in connection with sediment disasters. Both single index and systematic classification methods are discussed with a priority of the latter owing to its advantages over the former in consideration of characteristics of sediment disaster chain.

关 键 词：泥沙灾害 灾害链 分类 分级 

分 类 号：X43[环境科学与工程—灾害防治]