窑洞内氡、钍射气水平及致肺癌的危险评价  

Concentrations of indoor radon and thoron in cave-dwellings with discussions on risk estimation of lung cancer

作　　者：孙全富[1] 床次真司 侯长松[1] 张守志[1] 卓维海 古川雅英 石川徹夫 米原英典 秋叶澄伯 郑桂芳 俞惠莲 聂晓潜[1] 王润溪[5] 尚兵[1] 山田裕司 

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心辐射防护与核安全医学所,北京100088 [2]Radon Research Group, Research Center for Radiation Safety, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Japan [3]Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Japan [4]陕西省卫生防疫站 [5]山西省卫生防疫站

出　　处：《中华放射医学与防护杂志》2005年第1期1-5,共5页Chinese Journal of Radiological Medicine and Protection

基　　金：科学技术部 2 0 0 2年度社会公益研究专项基金资助项目 (2 0 0 1DA10 0 0 1)

摘　　要：目的　测量窑洞内氡、钍射气及其子体和氡浓度 ,并对致肺癌危险相关因素进行研究。方法　按照典型抽样原则 ,从山西省吕梁地区和陕西省延安地区共测量调查 2 0 2户 ,包括土窑洞、石窑洞、砖窑洞和普通平房。用氡 钍射气鉴别探测器测量室内氡、钍射气浓度 ,用沉积率装置测量钍射气子体浓度。连续暴露时间为 36 5d。结果　土窑洞是当地最常见的居室 ,氡、钍射气及EECTn浓度较高且存在较好的梯度。延安和吕梁地区土窑洞室内氡浓度GM±GSD分别为 (71± 1 5 )Bq m3和 (73± 1 5 )Bq m3。钍射气浓度在 10～ 76 0Bq m3之间波动 ,明显与探测器离墙壁的距离相关(r=- 0 .2 4 ,P =0 .0 0 0 8)。延安和吕梁地区土窑洞室内EECTnGM±GSD分别为 (2 2± 1 5 5 )Bq m3和(1 6± 1 72 )Bq m3。笔者对既往窑洞地区氡浓度测量中的钍射气污染的问题做了详细讨论。本次调查地区 5 6 %的男性为吸烟者。延安地区做饭和取暖燃料以柴草为主 ,空气污染轻微 ,吕梁地区以燃煤为主 ,空气污染较重。居民居住稳定性良好 ,86 %的调查对象没有迁移史 ,调查对象一生曾居住过的居室 ,90 %可进行测量。 1年内预计有数百例肺癌病例。结论　延安及其邻近窑洞地区适宜进行居室2 2 0 Rn和2 2 2 Rn暴露与肺癌关系的研究。Objective To explore a residential area with elevated indoor radon exposure for conducting epidemiological studies on indoor radon and lung cancer. Methods Two hundred and two cave-dwellings (CD) including loess CD,brick CD,stone CD,and ordinary house in twenty villages were selected from Yan'an and Lüliang in the Chinese loess plateau.Indoor levels of thoron and its progeny as well as radon were measured with passive radon-thoron discriminative detectors and thoron progeny deposition rate devices.The exposure period covered from August 2001 through August 2002. Results Loess CD was one of the most common type of dwelling caves in both areas.The indoor radon concentrations in loess CD ranged from 17 to 179 Bq/m\+3;thoron varied substantially depending upon the distance from the device to the wall,ranged from 10 to 760 Bq/m\+3.Geometric means of indoor radon,thoron and thoron′s progeny (EEC Tn) of loess caves in Yan'an area were estimated to be 71,185 and 2\^2 Bq/m\+3,respectively,and the corresponding figures were 73,145 and 1\^6 Bq/m\+3 in Lüliang area.Possible contamination of thoron on radon measurement in a previous case-control study on lung caner was discussed.The study revealed that the indoor air pollution in Yan'an area was slight compared with that in Lüliang area.Migration was very low.Eighty-six percent of the investigated persons have had no migration in Yan'an area,and 90 percent of the cave-dwellings where the subjects once resided were available to our measurements.Two million people have been living in cave-dwellings over several generations. Conclusion The investigated cave-dwelling area in Yan'an is suitable for conducting epidemiological study on residential thoron and radon exposure and lung cancer.\;

关 键 词：肺癌 调查 常见 GSD ^222RN 室内氡浓度 吸烟者 窑洞 土窑 居室 

分 类 号：R734.2[医药卫生—肿瘤] TU522[医药卫生—临床医学]