梁启超:以“政体进化”为特色的中国宪政主义活动家  

Liang Qichao: Chinese Constitutionalist Activist Characterized by “Government Form Evolution”

作　　者：蒋广学[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学中国思想家研究中心,南京210000

出　　处：《江苏行政学院学报》2005年第2期79-84,共6页The Journal of Jiangsu Administration Institute

摘　　要：中国社会由君主专制向建立近代民主国家急速变化的大转折时期,作为近代政治家的梁启超与古代改良派划清了界限,即他将政治变革的希望明确地建立在“国民运动”的身上,这与革命派并无二致。然而与后者不同的是:其思想表现为重“政体理化”而抑“国体革命”,即希望通过“国民运动”,建立起以近代政党制度为主导,和向国会负责的责任内阁;而这种内阁又必须执行“保育政策”,便从经济、政治,乃至文化各领域扶助民力、民智以及参政能力的增长,使整个国家在较为稳定的社会环境中,实现向世界强国的发展。梁启超的思想包含着深刻的革命内容,正因为如此,当袁世凯要实行国体复辟的时候,他便旗帜鲜明地发动了倒袁护国战争。During the turning period of China's transformation from autocratic monarchy to establishing a modern democratic nation, Liang Qichao, as a modern politician, separated from ancient reformists, that is to say, he put the hope of political change on national movement just as those revolutionaries. Nevertheless, the following are different from the latter: he emphasized political form instead of state system, i.e., he hoped to set up a cabinet responsible for the parliament led by modern political system through national movement; the cabinet must implement “nursing policy” to support people's power, education and participation of public affairs in politics, economics and culture so that the whole nation could realize its development into a world power in a fairly stable social environment. There is something revolutionary in Liang's thoughts so that when Yuan Shikai wanted to implement state system restoration, he started a war to defeat Yuan and protect the state.

关 键 词：政体进化 国体革命 国民运动 保育政策 

分 类 号：D12[政治法律—政治学]