稻田水量转换观测及模拟实验研究  

Observation and Studies on Simulation of Water Resources Transformation in Paddy Fields

作　　者：汪汉林[1] 青先国[2] 吴金水[1] 谢小立[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所,湖南长沙410125 [2]湖南农业大学,湖南长沙410128

出　　处：《湿地科学》2004年第4期290-295,共6页Wetland Science

基　　金：国家"十五"重大科技攻关项目 ( 2 0 0 4BA5 2 0A0 1);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目 (KZCX3 -SW -4 2 6)

摘　　要：对双季稻田水量转换 10年 (1991～ 2 0 0 0年 )定位观测 ,以及模拟不同水源条件的稻田水管理模式 ,解析田间水量转换的 5年 (1998～ 2 0 0 2年 )实验结果表明 ,稻田不同水管理田间水量转换有明显差异 ,常规管理田间耗水量的分配为 :腾发量占总耗水量 1/ 2 ,翻耕整地占 1/ 6 ,植物构成占 1/ 2 1,田间渗漏占 1/ 14 ,其他环境耗水 (维持 )占 1/ 5。长年水层灌溉田间腾发量和维持性环境耗水量偏大 ;耕灌雨养管理翻耕整地和田间渗漏耗水比例过高。水分生产力 (以年度单位面积上每耗水 1mm的产量计为kg/ (mm·hm2 ·a) ) ,稻谷产量 ,长年水层灌溉与常规管水一致 ,为 6 .6 5kg/ (mm·hm2 ·a) ,耕灌雨养处理较低 ,为 6 .13kg/ (mm·hm2 ·a)。群体光合累积效应处理间差异表现与产量差异表现相同 ,早稻差异很小 ,晚稻差异显著。叶片水分生产效率 ,早稻以水层灌溉最大 ,晚稻是常规管理最大 ,耕灌雨养处理早晚稻都较小。An experiment for analyses water transformation and productive forces in paddy fields has been carried by simulating water management patterns with different water sources. The results show that (1) there are obvious differences in water transformation in paddy fields with different treatments and water distribution in the paddy fields with normal management. It shows that transpiration accounts for 1/2 of total water,land ploughing and preparation 1/6,plant constitution 1/21,field seepage 1/14 and other environmental consumption (maintenance) 1/5, (2) transpiration from water layer irrigation in paddy fields and environmental water consumption for maintenance all the year round is high or and the proportion of ploughing irrigation and rain maintaining management and land ploughing and preparation to field seepage is too large, (3) for water productive forces and rice yield,the water layer irrigation in all the year round agrees with normal water management,being 6.65 kg/(mm·hm 2·a) and the ploughing irrigation and rain maintaining treatment is lower,being 6.13 kg/(mm·hm 2·a), (4) for colony photosynthetic accumulating effect,differences among treatments and yield difference are the same,less for early rice and obvious for late rice, (5) water layer irrigation treatment gives the largest water productive efficiency of leaves for early rice,normal management gives the largest for late rice,while ploughing irrigation and rain maintaining treatment gives less for both early rice and late rice and the relations are changeable at different growing periods. Relevant index systems have yet to be established and perfected in order to quantitatively analyse water transformation and productive forces in paddy fields because of the effect of water conditions in fields on photosynthesis,transpiration,temperature at crown layer and leaf area of the rice in varying degrees.

关 键 词：水量 耗水 模拟实验研究 环境 累积效应 稻田 处理 观测 水层 和田 

分 类 号：X793[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X524