浅水湖泊生态系统恢复的理论与实践思考  

Reflections on the Theory and Practice of Shallow Lake Ecosystem Restoration

作　　者：秦伯强[1] 高光[1] 胡维平[1] 吴庆龙[1] 胡春华[1] 刘正文[1] 谷孝鸿[1] 朱广伟[1] 陈非洲[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所,南京210008

出　　处：《湖泊科学》2005年第1期9-16,共8页Journal of Lake Sciences

基　　金：国家"十五"科技专项"太湖水污染控制与水体修复技术及工程示范"(2002AA601011)资助.

摘　　要：随着我国湖泊生态环境越来越严峻,湖泊生态恢复也逐渐被人们所重视.实际上,湖泊生态恢复应该是一项系统工程,是通过一定程度地减缓或改善环境压力,结合某种或多种水生生物的种养措施,逐步使得生态系统向良性的或者是被改变前的状态发展.目前,湖泊生态恢复不是被单纯地理解为种草、养鱼等,就是被解释为生物群落的人为搭配或镶嵌.由于这种认识上的偏差,导致湖泊治理中有关生态修复的实践长期以来鲜有成功的实例.最后,以太湖为例,给出了湖泊局部水体生态修复达致净化水质的技术思路--通过改善环境来恢复水生植物,通过水生植物恢复来引导生态系统向草型湖泊转变,通过水生系统恢复达到改善水质的目的.这种思路能否成功用于指导湖泊水生植物与生态系统恢复,还有待于进一步实践的检验.Aquatic ecosystem restoration is a wide-used term at present, and it has gradually aroused the attention of the public and government due to serious environmental problem of lake in China. In fact, as a systematic work, ecosystem restoration makes the ecosystem towards the good state or prestine status. It comes true through the decreasing or amelioration of environmental press combining with single or multi introduced measures of plants and animals. At present, lake ecosystem restoration is usually considered as simple planting grass and cultivating fish etc. or explained as the man-made re-arrangement or incrustation of biocommunity. These bias in cognition result in less successful examples during the long time of the ecosystem restoration practices. Here we put forward an alternative technological way to purify the lake water in part area of Lake Taihu through ecosystem restoration, including three mutual-connected phases, viz,improving the lake condition→restorating aquatic macrophyte→ecosystem transformating from algae-typed to grass-typed lake→improving water quality. Whether this idea directing the restoration of aquatic macrophyte and lake ecosystem is successful will be tested by future practice.

关 键 词：湖泊生态 生态系统恢复 浅水湖泊 湖泊水 湖泊治理 水生植物 生态修复 养鱼 技术思路 种草 

分 类 号：X171.4[环境科学与工程—环境科学]