八倍体小滨麦的形成及细胞遗传学研究  

Studies of The Formation and Cytogenetics of Octoploid Tritileymus

作　　者：傅杰[1] 陈漱阳[1] 张安静[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北植物研究所,陕西杨陵712100

出　　处：《Acta Genetica Sinica》1993年第4期317-323,共7页

基　　金：国家自然科学基金

摘　　要：通过普通小麦(AABBDD 2n=42)与滨麦(JJNN 2n=28)杂种幼胚培养,获得F_17株(ABDJN 2n=35)。用秋水仙碱处理分蘖节后,再用普通小麦回交得到11粒种子。幼胚培养后得到BC_1F_17株(AABBDDJN 2n=56)。经过连续自交选育至BC_1F_0代,获得3种穗型的八倍体小滨麦(AABBDDJJ或AABBDDNN)。根尖细胞染色体数目为52—56。花粉母细胞减数分裂中期Ⅰ,2n=28Ⅱ的细胞占45.38—48.89%,染色体构型为1.69Ⅰ+27.07Ⅱ+0.06Ⅲ。株高89—105厘米;穗长13—16厘米;小花数96—108个;籽粒红色、大粒、不饱满,千粒重44.5—51克;自交和天然结实率分别为27.70—54.58%,49.48—58.63%;成熟期偏晚;耐寒耐旱;抗条锈、秆锈、叶锈、赤霉和白粉病。Seven Ft plants (ABDJN 2n = 35) were obtained through the culture of immature hybrid embryos from T. aestivum (AABBDD 2n = 42) crossed with L. mollis (JJNN 2n = 28). Treatment of tillering nodes of F1 plants with colchicine and backcrossing to T. aestivum produced 11 seeds. After the culture of immature embryos, 7 BC1 F1 plants (AABBDDJN 2n = 56) were obtained. Three spike shapes of octoploid Tritileymus (AABBDDJJ or AABBDDNN 2n= 56) were obtained after continuous self-cross selective breeding until BCiF? Root tip chromosome numbers of BC1F5 plants were 52-56. In the meiosis of PMC at MI, the percentage of cells of 2n = 28Ⅱ was 45.38-48.89%. The chromosome configuration was 1.69Ⅰ + 27.07Ⅱ+ 0.06Ⅲ. Plant height was 89-105cm, spike length 13-16 cm, and the number of florets 96-108. Grains were red and big but starved, Thousand-grain weight was 44.5-51 g. selfing and natural seed setting rate were 27.70-54.58% and 49.48-58.63% respectively. They had relatively late maturing stage with cold and drought tolerance, and resistance to stripe rust, stem rust, leaf rust, scab and to powdery mildew.

关 键 词：滨麦 八倍体 小麦 细胞 遗传学 

分 类 号：S512.103.2[农业科学—作物学]