马尾松林食叶类群昆虫多样性及相互关系  

Diversity and relationships of defoliators in Masson pine Pinus massoniana.

作　　者：张真[1] 王淑芬[2] 吴东亮[2] 李典谟[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院动物研究所农业虫鼠害综合治理研究国家重点实验室 [2]中南林学院环境资源系,湖南株洲412006

出　　处：《昆虫知识》2005年第1期36-40,共5页Entomological Knowledge

基　　金：国家攻关项目;科学院创新方向课题(编号:KSCX2SW103)(编号:KSCX2102);国家自然科学基金(30271091)资助。

摘　　要：广西凭祥地区主要的马尾松食叶害虫有马尾松毛虫DendrolimuspunctatusWalker、松茸毒蛾DasychiraaxuthaCollenette、松艺夜蛾HyssiaadustaDraudt、松尺蠖EctropisbistortataGoze、松叶蜂(Diprinid)。对马尾松林食叶类群昆虫多样性、组成结构和动态变化规律的研究表明,无灾区各种食叶害虫的多样性较高,比例比较均匀,而常灾区多样性较低,以马尾松毛虫和松毒蛾为主,其它食叶害虫的比例都很小,偶灾区介于二者之间。非暴发期的多样性高可降低害虫的变动幅度。松毒蛾与松毛虫具有协同危害的特性,而其它几种马尾松食叶害虫对松毛虫产生一定的抑制作用。水平相互关系可能降低或增加松毛虫暴发的机会。增加食叶类群的多样性,不但可以通过竞争抑制松毛虫,还有利于增加天敌和整个群落的多样性,是松毛虫持续控制的研究方向。The main defoliators in Masson pine stands in Pingxiang of Guangxi Province are Dendrolimus punctatus, Dasychira axutha, Hyssia adusta, Ectropis bistortata and diprinids. The analysis of the diversity, composition, structure and dynamics of the defoliators in various occurrence areas showned that in non-outbreak area they diversity and uniformity are the highest, that in frequent outbreak area the are the lowest and in occasional outbreak area they are intermediate. High diversity during non-outbreak phase can suppress large fluctuation of defoliators. In frequent outbreak areas Dendrolimus punctatus and Dasychira axutha were the main defoliators and they have positive relationship. Other defoliators were negative to Dendrolimus punctatus and weakly positive to each other. Horizontal interactions can increase or decrease outbreak intensity of the pine caterpillar. Increase the diversity of defoliators of pine stands can not only suppress the pine caterpillar but also increase the diversity of natural enemies and the whole community. This is the developing trend of sustainable management of pine caterpillars.

关 键 词：食叶害虫 松毛虫 马尾松林 类群 叶类 持续控制 尺蠖 灾区 暴发 增加 

分 类 号：S763.3[农业科学—森林保护学]