“文化侵略”与“文化帝国主义”:美国传教士在华活动两种评价范式辨析  

“Cultural Aggression” and “Cultural Imperialism”:Two Paradigms for Assessment of Activities of American Missionaries in China

作　　者：王立新[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学历史系

出　　处：《历史研究》2002年第3期98-109,共12页Historical Research

摘　　要：关于近代来华传教士的活动 ,中国学界的“文化侵略”说虽然反映了部分历史真实 ,但乃是将大革命时期的政治口号直接转化为学术话语 ,是从单一的政治视角审视复杂的社会文化问题 ,因此无法对传教运动的多方面影响作出全面、客观的评价 ;美国学界的“文化帝国主义”理论从后殖民的视角为传教史研究提供了更广阔的视野 ,但简单地把分析后现代和后殖民时期文化关系的范式直接应用于近代中国 ,忽视了传教运动在现代性传播过程中的作用 ,低估了中国文化精英自主选择。With regard to the activities of foreign missionaries in China in recent times, the theory of “cultural aggression” in Chinese scholarly circles was a product of the political slogans of the revolutionary period, although it contains some historical truth. Viewing complex social and cultural issues from a single political perspective, it cannot make a comprehensive and objective assessment of the influence of the missionary movement. The theory of “cultural imperialism” among American scholars opens a broader field of vision from the post colonialist angle. But it simplistically applies the paradigm to analyzing the cultural relationship between the post modernist and post colonialist periods, ignores the role of missionary movement in the propagation of modernity, and underestimates the ability of the Chinese cultural elite in maintaining their independence, boycotting cultural control and preserving their cultural identity. A more correct approach to the assessment of missionary activities is to construct different research paradigms according to different subjects of research.

关 键 词：“文化侵略” “文化帝国主义” 美国 传教士 评价范式 中国 近代史研究 

分 类 号：B979[哲学宗教—宗教学]