篇章阅读理解中背景信息的通达  

ACCESSING OF BACKGROUNDED INFORMATION IN DISCOURSE COMPREHENSION

作　　者：王穗苹[1] 莫雷[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学心理系,广州510631

出　　处：《心理学报》2001年第4期312-319,共8页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目 ( 39870 2 45 )

摘　　要：该研究采用实时窗口阅读技术探讨篇章阅读理解中背景信息的通达机制。在该研究所用的阅读材料中 ,主人公特征与目标句行为分别形成一致、冲突与冲突限制三种关系 ,其中 ,冲突限制条件下既描述了主人公与目标行为有所冲突的特征 ,但这些特征要么是主人公过去具有的、要么是虚假的 ,在此基础上 ,阅读材料又提供了主人公当前的、与目标句行为一致的特征描述。结果发现 ,不论把冲突限制条件下的冲突信息限制在过去发生 ,还是作为一种虚假的情况来加以描述 ,都不能完全消除冲突的效应 ,冲突限制条件下目标句阅读时间总是长于一致条件下的阅读时间 ,这支持了记忆基础文本加工观 ,说明在篇章阅读中背景信息通达不是一个更新追随的过程 ,过去的或虚假的背景信息也会被重新激活并影响当前信息的加工。Using on line window display technique, the present study investigated the process of accessing backgrounded information in discourse comprehension. In 3 experiments, participants read passages in each of three elaboration conditions: consistent elaboration, inconsistent elaboration, and qualified elaboration. The consistent version elaborated on a characteristic of the protagonist that was consistent with a subsequent target action carried out by the protagonist. In the inconsistent version, the target action was inconsistent with the elaborated characteristic. The qualification condition was created by modifying the inconsistent version in order to restrict the conditions under which the characteristic was operative. Besides that, the qualification version also presented some characteristics of the protagonist that would support execution of the actions described in the target sentences. The data demonstrated that subjects experienced comprehension difficulty whether the conflicting information was restricted to the past or was informed as untrue. These results support the memory based text processing view, indicating that both past information or misinformation could be accessed and influence the current information processing in discourse comprehension.

关 键 词：篇章阅读理解 背景信息通达 窗口技术 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]