劳工组织、国内政治与冷战后美国对外贸易政策  

Labor, Domestic Politics and Post-Cold War U.S. Foreign Trade Policy

作　　者：李晓岗[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院美国研究所

出　　处：《美国研究》2001年第3期47-61,共15页The Chinese Journal of American Studies

摘　　要：冷战结束后 ,国内因素对美国外交的影响力日渐加强 ,经济贸易问题在对外政策中的地位显著上升。在北美自由贸易协定、贸易快速处理权、对华永久正常贸易关系等问题上 ,美国国内各种势力竞相发挥作用 ,试图通过国内政治影响对外贸易政策。其中 ,劳工组织的表现尤其活跃。劳工组织通过游说、政治捐款和选举投票等手段向国会议员尤其是民主党议员施加压力 ,要求其反对贸易自由化政策 ,从而在很大程度上参与了对外经贸政策的塑造。劳工组织反对贸易自由化的斗争 ,反映出美国劳工运动的复兴。但内部的分歧、外部的工商界打压等又限制着其在对外贸易政策上的影响。With the influence of domestic factors on U.S. foreign policy increased since the end of the Cold War, economic and trade issues are playing a more important role. In order to resist trade liberalization through domestic political process, trade unions put pressures on U.S. Congress, especially on Democratic congressmen, by means of lobbying, political contribution, and ballots. Therefore, labor has actually participated in the shaping of U.S. trade policy. NAFTA,fast track authority and PNTR are typical cases. Trade unions' struggles reflect the rejuvenation of American labor movement, but the disagreements in unions and the overwhelming influences of the business would limit labor's further impacts on foreign trade policy.

关 键 词：国内政治 冷战后 劳工运动 选举 美国外交 国会议员 对外政策 对外贸易政策 贸易自由化 北美自由贸易协定 

分 类 号：F757.12[经济管理—国际贸易]