关于汉语的语序问题(二)  

On the Problem of Chinese Constituent Order

作　　者：范晓[1] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学中文系,上海200433

出　　处：《汉语学习》2001年第6期18-28,共11页Chinese Language Learning

摘　　要：3.论述了语义语序 :指出语义语序是指语义结构中语义成分的排序 ;较详细地讨论了汉语语义语序在静态短语中的一般规则和在动态句子中的变化规则。4 .论述了语用语序 :指出语用语序是指语用结构中语用成分的排序 ;较详细地讨论了汉语语用语序在静态孤立句中的一般规则和在动态语境句中的变化规则。 5 .论述了制约语序的因素 :认为应区别“语序一般规则”的制约因素和“语序变动规则”的制约因素 ;指出在做出解释时 ,既要重视内部解释 ,也要重视外部解释 ;认为制约“语序一般规则”的因素主要是逻辑因素、认知心理因素、语用表达因素、习惯因素 ,制约“语序变动规则”的因素主要有句法因素、语义因素、语用因素。 6.论述了句子的常规语序和非常规语序 :认为句子的语序有常式和变式之别 ,由常式语序形成的句子是常式句 ,由变式语序形成的句子是变式句 ;指出了区别常式句和变式句 ,主要是看语序的变动是不是倒装移位、成分移位后该句子的结构有没有起变化。This section discusses the semantic constituent order.We hold that the semantic constituent order is the order of the semantic component in semantic structure.We discuss the general rules of Chinese semantic constituent order in static phrase and deviate rules in dynamic sentence.4.This section discusses the pragmatic constituent order.We propose that the pragmatic constituent order is the order of the pragmatic component in pragmatic structure.We discuss the general rules of Chinese pragmatic constituent order in static phrase and deviate rules in dynamic sentence.5.This section discusses the factors constraining constituent order.We argue that we should distinguish the factors constraining 'constituent order general rules'and the factors constraining 'constituent order deviate rules',we point out that when we make explanation,we should not only pay attention to interior explanation but also pay attention to external explanation;think that the factors constraining'constituent order general rules'is syntactic factors,semantic factors and pragmatic factors.6.This section discusses general constituent order and deviate consituent order.We hold that sentence constituent order has conventionalized form and non conventionalized form,the sentence structured by conventionlized form is normal sentence,and the sentence structured by non conventionlized form is abnormal sentence.We point out that the difference of the two kinds of sentence depends on whether the change of constituent order is made by inverted shift,and whether the sentences structure after component shift.

关 键 词：语序 词序 句法语序 语义语序 语用语序 常式 变式 

分 类 号：H0[语言文字—语言学]