蚁鼻钱的金属成分和铸造工艺研究  

RESEARCHES ON THE METAL COMPOSITION AND THE CASTING TECHNOLOGY OF YIBI COINS

作　　者：陈荣[1] 赵匡华[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学,北京100871

出　　处：《自然科学史研究》1993年第3期257-263,共7页Studies in The History of Natural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金

摘　　要：本文对战国时期楚国中、后期的蚁鼻钱共58枚进行了理化研究,我们对这些蚁鼻钱作了金属组成的全分析,发现繁昌、临泉等地出土者,含铜、锡量高,是典型的铜、锡、铅青铜,机械强度大,耐腐蚀性好,当是楚国在中期或中后期之交铸造的;而肥西出土者,为含铅量述50—60%的铅基铜合金,应属楚国末期铸造的。在研究中,我们还注意到肥西出土的部分蚁鼻钱周缘开裂,截面又呈"分层"现象。通过化学分析、X-射线衍射分析、金相组织研究以及模拟铸造实验,判断上述现象主要是由于在铸造时冷却速度较慢,大量低熔点金属铅的存在使凝固时的液态与固态收缩受阻以及发生比重偏析造成的。此外,由于高铅蚁鼻钱易被腐蚀,长期的晶问腐蚀也可能是导致后来发生周缘开裂的原因。With the use of physical and chemical methods, the authors have done researches on 58 Yibi coins of the Chu State of the Warring States Period (475-221 B. C.). A complete analysis of them made by the authors reveals that both the copper and the tin contents of Yibi coins unearthed in Fanchang and Linquan are higher than others. They were casted in the middle or later middle stage of the Chu State. The lead content of coins unearthed in Feixi, which were casted in the last stage of State Chu, is 50-60%. The Feixi coins are found to have cracks on their edges and the phenomenon of alloy stratification in their cross sections. These coins have been inspected by means of chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction, metallurgraphy and simulated test. The result indicates that the above-mentioned phenomenon is caused by the slow cooling in the casting process, the existence of a large amount of lead that hinders the contraction of metals in liquid or solid-liquid state, and the separating tendency of metals owing to the difference in their specific gravity.

关 键 词：蚊鼻钱 成分 铸造 货币 

分 类 号：TS934.7[轻工技术与工程]