玉米营养特性、生理价值及国内外新加工技术和利用途径  

Nutritional Speciality,Physiological Value, New Processing Technique and Utilization of Corn.

作　　者：任蕤[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院作物育种栽培研究所,北京海淀区白石桥路30号100081

出　　处：《中国粮油学报》1993年第A09期19-24,共6页Journal of the Chinese Cereals and Oils Association

摘　　要：玉米是世界上三大主要粮食作物之一。玉米是饲料之王,世界玉米总产量的75％以上用作饲料,10％加工食品,10％制造工业产品。玉米与大豆混合作饲料,可达到了全部氨基酸接近完善的平衡。玉米是淀粉生产的重要原料。玉米淀粉产品具有99％的纯度和低廉的价格。世界上玉米淀粉的加工方法具有湿磨加工,干磨加工。对湿磨加工方法的进一步研究和工程技术的发展,使得湿磨加工过程成为高度自动化的流水线。湿磨加工后进一步开发可以得到玉米淀粉、玉米油、糊精、玉米糖浆、玉米高果糖糖浆,玉米油渣、右旋葡萄糖和玉米麸质片。玉米油含有50％以上的亚油酸和80％以上的不饱和脂肪酸和一定量的维生素E,因此,玉米油是一种优质食用油。玉米家族成员很多,如高直链淀粉玉米、糯玉米、高赖氨酸玉米、高油玉米、甜玉米和爆裂玉米。它们都具有各自的营养价值,它们的用途正在被开发。Corn is one of the three major food crops in the world. Corn is the king of feed. Of the total corn production in the world, more than 75％ is used for livestock feed, 10％ is processed for food, 10％ is used for industrial products. Combined with soybean meal, a nearly perfect amino-acid balance in corn-soy feed stuff can be reached. Corn is important raw material for starch product. Corn starch product is 99％ pure and low cost. The method of processing for corn starch is wet milling, Further research and engineering developments have transformed the wet milling operation into a highly automated, continuous process. Various products can be obtained such as corn starch, corn oil, dextrins, corn syrup, high fructose corn syrup, corn oil meal, dextrose and corn gluten can be developed after wet milling. Corn oil contents more than 50％ linoleic acids, more than 80％ unsaturated fatty acids and some vitamin E. Therefore, corn oil is a excellent food oil, for human and animals. Corn family has a lot of members, such as high amylose corn, waxy corn, high-lysine corn, high oil corn, sweet corn and popcorn. They have there own nutritional value, utilization of them has been de veloped.

关 键 词：玉米 营养 工艺 应用 

分 类 号：TS211.2[轻工技术与工程—粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程]