旱作马铃薯冠层对块茎膨大速度及其产量的影响  

The Effects of Potato Canopies Under Dryland Tillage Upon Expansion speed Yields of Tubers

作　　者：杨明君[1] 樊民夫[1] 李久昌[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西省农科院高寒区作物研究所

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》1994年第2期105-110,共6页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

摘　　要：马铃薯冠层是形成块茎产量的主要成因之一，冠层与块茎膨大速度呈显著正相关。冠层的形成随株龄的增加而上升，品种不同则上升的程度亦不同。块茎形成期因品种不同而各异，膨大速度从蕾期到成熟一直呈直线上升，品种不同则膨大速度各异。冠层覆盖度与块茎产量呈直线正相关。因此，根据冠层的量变数据可预测旱作马铃薯块茎产量的高低，同时也可作为选育丰产型品种的一个重要依据。结果表明，经济性状好以及抗旱高产的品种为乌盟８５１、系薯１号、紫花白，适宜在干旱地区种植。，回归方程分别为＝３．３０２５×１．６２８６ｘ，＝１．９７１４×１．３４２３ｘ，＝３．３２９５×１．１７８３ｘ（见图１）。３年的调查结果表明，冠层覆盖度均随着株龄的增长以一定的速度增加，１９９０年为多雨年份，生育期间不受干旱影响，基本满足了马铃薯生长发育对水分的要求，冠层覆盖度仅４５ｄ即达高峰期，有利于干物质的积累。１９９１年中后期降雨偏少，对冠层的发育不利，覆盖度高峰期则推迟１个月。１９９２年马铃薯开花期间受到干旱的威胁，覆盖度最高值低于１９９０年的１倍之多，对冠层发育和块茎形成极为不利，是造成低产的主要因素。据此，降雨量和降雨分布是影响覆盖度的重要因素，冠层覆盖度随着降雨?Potato canopies are an important factor of forming tuber yields The canopies have an outstanding positive linear correlation with the expansion speed of tu-ber.The canopies increase with plant growing days. Varieties of various kinds may have various rising speeds.Tuber forming periods are also various because of different va-rieties. Tuber expansion speed appears to be a rising straight line from the squaring to maturity. Different varieties may have the different expansion speeds.Canopies cover degrees are in positive linear correlation with tuber yields. Therefore ,according to quantitative data of canopies,high and low potato yields on the dryland tillage can be predicted. And it can also become an important scientific basis for the selection of high yielding potato varieties.The results indicated that varieties with good economic traits,drought resistance and high yields are Wumeng 851 , Xishu No. 1,Zihuabai They areadapted to planting in the dryland areas.

关 键 词：马铃薯 冠层 块茎膨大速度 

分 类 号：S532.01[农业科学—作物学]