现代海底热液活动与块状硫化物矿床成因研究进展  

Modern Sea-floor Hydrothermal Activity and Genesis of Massive Sulfide Deposits:An Overview

作　　者：戴宝章[1] 赵葵东[1] 蒋少涌[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学地球科学系成矿作用国家重点实验室,南京210093

出　　处：《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2004年第3期246-254,共9页Bulletin of Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(40234051)

摘　　要：现代海底热液活动的发现及对其分布特征和成矿机理的研究是近年来海洋地质学和矿床地质学的一大进展。对现代海底金属硫化物成矿作用的研究大大推动和促进了对古代块状硫化物矿床成因的认识。有关研究成果综合分析表明:(1)深部热液对流循环系统是块状硫化物成矿的核心,对流循环模式有简单的热液对流模式和双扩散对流模式。(2)块状硫化物矿床集中分布在大洋中张裂性活动板块边界,与大地构造活动紧密联系。(3)成矿流体与成矿物质均有多源性,在强调海水循环淋滤的同时,通过应用新的方法技术,岩浆来源物质(流体及成矿金属等)对一些块状硫化物矿床成矿的直接贡献得到初步确认。(4)在高温热液活动区及金属硫化物沉积中发现大量生命活动和生物群体,意义重大。The discovery of modern sea-floor hydrothermal activity and the study on their distribution and genetic models represent a major achievement in marine geology and economic geology. The study on modern sea-floor metallic sulfide deposits promoted and advanced the theory on genesis of ancient massive sulfide deposits. In summary, the major advances in this field include: (1) a hydrothermal convective system beneath the deposit is essential for massive sulfide deposition, and simple convection and double-diffusive convection are the two main models; (2) massive sulfide deposits mainly occur near margin of active plates, and their formation is closely related to tectonic movement; (3) both the ore-forming fluid and the metals show various sources,although the major fluid source is seawater that recycled in and leached metals from the sedimentary and volcanic host rocks, direct contributions of magmatic materials (fluid and metals) to massive sulfide deposit are recently proposed with the application of new technology and method such as melt-inclusion study; (4) life activity and biological populations have been found recently in areas of hydrothermal vent and metallic sulfide deposits, which is of great significance in science.

关 键 词：块状硫化物矿床 海底热液活动 成矿物质 大洋 方法技术 海洋地质学 大地构造 研究进展 性活动 温热 

分 类 号：P618.2[天文地球—矿床学]