城市生态环境需水量研究——理论与方法  

Study on urban eco-environmental water requirements: theory and method

作　　者：杨志峰[1] 尹民[1] 崔保山[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学环境学院

出　　处：《生态学报》2005年第3期389-396,共8页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点资助项目 (5 0 2 3 90 2 0 ) ;国家重点基础研究发展规划资助项目 (G19990 43 60 5 )~~

摘　　要：生态环境需水量是一个整合的新概念。从降水量概念和水资源量概念两个角度界定了城市生态环境需水量的概念与内涵 ,分析其类型和属性特征 ,建立了城市生态环境需水量的方法体系 ,包括城市分类的指标体系与方法、基于降水量概念和水资源量概念的城市生态环境需水量计算方法与等级划分方案 。Water resources are of great importance in maintaining urban sustainable development. With a rapid increase of population and economy, urbanization leads to the scarcity of urban water resources and other challenges on urban eco-environment, such as degradation of greenbelt, shrink of rivers and lakes, water pollution, descent of groundwater level, etc. The problems were due not only to that the relationship between water resources and eco-environment has been ignored for a long time, but also to that the amounts of eco-environmental water use are not fulfilled. With the improvement of understanding of eco-environmental water use, eco-environmental water requirements (EEWR) gradually play an essential role in water resources allocation. EEWR, a newly emerged concept, refers to the water resources that should be allocated to eco-environment to maintain healthy ecosystem or eco-environmental quality. Urban eco-environmental water requirements (UEEWR), meaning the water requirements of urban natural ecosystem, include two implications when applied to different aspects. On the one hand, it means the water resources present in water cycle of ecosystem. On the other hand, it refers to the water resources consumed during the process of transpiration, evaporation, leakage, etc. UEEWR includes the water requirements for urban greenbelt, rivers, lakes and wetlands. According to the eco-environmental functions, UEEWRs can be divided into different categories. It is an integration of water quality and quantity, with temporal and spatial characteristics. On the basis of the theory system of UEEWR, the methodology of UEEWR is built up as follows. (1) Urban classification is the basis of study on UEEWR. A total of five kinds of elements are selected to build up the indicator system of urban classification. They are weather and climate, conditions of water resources and eco-environment, urban functions and characteristics, and urban size. At the same time, an integrated assessment model based on fuzzy sets is use

关 键 词：城市生态环境需水量 降水量 水资源量 类型 属性特征 城市分类 计算方法 等级划分方法 

分 类 号：X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学]