黄河流域城市生态环境需水量案例研究  

Study on urban eco-environmental water requirements in the Yellow River Basin

作　　者：尹民[1] 崔保山[1] 杨志峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学环境学院

出　　处：《生态学报》2005年第3期397-403,共7页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点资助项目 (5 0 2 3 90 2 0 ) ;国家重点基础研究发展规划资助项目 (G19990 43 60 5)~~

摘　　要：根据城市生态环境需水量研究的需要 ,将黄河流域城市分为 5个类别 ,基于降水量和水资源量概念两个研究平台计算黄河流域城市生态环境需水量 ,并对其影响因子进行分析。结果表明 :1基于降水量概念的黄河流域城市最小生态环境需水量为7.95 5× 10 8m3,其中城市绿地和河湖最小需水量分别占总需水量的为 39.1%和 6 0 .9% ;基于水资源概念的黄河流域城市最小生态环境需水量为 6 .0 4 3× 10 8m3,占黄河流域城市市区供水总量的 12 .86 %。 2城市类别与城市生态环境需水量密切相关 ,随着城市级别的降低 ,基于降水量和水资源量概念的黄河城市最小生态环境需水量均呈现出逐渐减少的趋势。3黄河流域城市生态环境需水量表现出明显的空间差异性 ,黄河中下游地区形成城市生态环境需水量的高值区。4黄河流域城市生态环境现状用水量为 2 .876× 10 8m3,最小缺水量为 3.6 6 2× 10 8m3,其中城市绿地和河湖的最小缺水量分别为 0 .84 9× 10 8m3和 2 .830×10 8m3,亟需对黄河流域城市绿地和河湖系统进行补水。 5城市生态环境需水量与需水主体的状况密切相关 ,并受到城市面积、人口和 GDP等社会经济发展指标的深刻影响 ,而降水量、蒸发量和水资源量等自然条件对城市生态环境需水量的影响较小 。Urban eco-environmental water requirements (UEEWR) is an interdisciplinary field of urban water resources and urban ecosystem. The theory and methodology put forward in the previous section have been applied to the study of the Yellow River Basin in this continued one. A total of 45 cities in the Yellow River Basin are chosen and classified into five categories through the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. They include urban categoriesⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ, representing top, high, medium, lower and lowest grades, respectively. Among the 45 cities, urban categoriesⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ contributed to 8.9%,11.1%,17.8%,57.8% and 4.4% of the total, separately. The UEEWR in the Yellow River Basin is calculated based on precipitation and water resources concepts, respectively. The results arise as follows. (1) The minimum UEEWR based on precipitation concept in the basin is 7.955×10~8m^3; while the minimum UEEWR based on water resources concept is 6.043×10~8m^3. The latter occupies 12.86% of the current urban water supply in the basin, and it could be realized if there were rational planning and allocation of water resources in the cities. (2) According to precipitation concept, the minimum water requirements of urban greenbelt and urban rivers & lakes are 3.12×10~8m^3 and 4.843×10~8m^3, separately. Water requirements of plant evapo-transpiration and ecological base flow in river channels are the key components of UEEWR, accounting for 28.1% and 54.2% of the minimum UEEWR in the basin, respectively. (3) UEEWR depends greatly on urban categories, the minimum UEEWR drops with the decrease of urban grade. (4) The minimum UEEWR in the basin shows distinctive spatial characteristics. It is relatively higher in some regions, such as the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River Basin, the section between Lanzhou and Hekouzhen, the Weihe Basin and the Fenhe Basin. (5) The current water use of urban eco-environmental system in the basin is 2.876×10~8m^3; the minimum water deficit is 3.662×10~8 m^3. In most cities in the Y

关 键 词：需水量 黄河流域 城市生态环境 降水量 城市绿地 缺水量 自然条件 市级 GDP 概念 

分 类 号：X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学]