新疆防治碘缺乏病难点地区的重点人群健康教育知识水平调查  

Investigation on health education level in major crowds in areas difficult to prevent and cure IDD in Xinjiang

作　　者：王锋锐[1] 买力亚木[1] 李菁[1] 朱殿志[1] 杨成忠[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆疾病预防控制中心,乌鲁木齐830002

出　　处：《中国地方病学杂志》2005年第2期220-222,共3页Chinese Jouranl of Endemiology

基　　金：新疆防治碘缺乏病碘盐综合干预项目(CRQ/CHNA/2002/00000694-0)

摘　　要：目的了解新疆碘缺乏病(IDD)难点地区重点人群的IDD健康教育核心信息知识水平,为提高碘盐食用率,开展针对性强的健康教育活动提供依据。方法在开展项目的地区,以县(市)为单位,按“一乡两村”的抽样方法随机抽取3～5年级学生各10名,和健康教育授课教师以及3～5年级任课教师共10名进行问卷调查。在每所被调查学校附近的村中,随机调查10户家庭主妇(18～60岁),填写答卷并对家中食盐进行半定量检测。结果小学生的碘盐鉴别活动的平均碘盐覆盖率为71.9%,较项目实施前提高16.9个百分点。在学生核心信息调查中,知道缺碘是主要危害的占81.2%,知道碘盐是预防缺碘最好方法的占81.8%,向父母讲过IDD知识的占71.0%;在家庭主妇调查问卷中,知道缺碘对智力和生长发育有危害的占66.0%;在碘盐是预防缺碘最好方法的问卷中,总体正确率为73.7%;在孩子向其讲过IDD知识或带回宣传单的答卷中,总体正确率仅有49.2%;在教师调查问卷中,了解缺碘对智力和生长发育有危害、碘盐是预防缺碘最好方法以及向学生和亲友讲过IDD知识的3个核心信息的回答正确率分别为99.8%、99.8%和97.1%。结论学生及家庭主妇对缺碘造成的危害以及主要预防措施的知晓率还有待提高,教师-学生-家庭主妇的传播链有待建立和完善。Objective To investigate the level of health education in major crowds in areas where IDD is difficult to be prevented and cured in Xinjiang and to provide the basis for raising edible iodine salt rate and actions of health education. Methods In areas undergoing the program, 10 students in 3rd-5th grade and 19 of their teachers who taught them health education knowledge were questionnaired at random. In the villages around every school, which had been investigated, random sampled 10 housewives(18 ~ 60 years old) were asked to fill in a paper and their edible salt was semi-quantified. Results The averaged covering rate of eating iodine salt in students reached 71.9%, which increased by 16.9% compared with that before the education program. In the investigation of core information, 81.2% students knew that lack of iodine might do major harm to their health, 81.8% knew that iodine salt was the best method to prevent IDD; 71.0% passed on the knowledge of IDD to their parents and relatives. 66.0% of the housewives knew that lack iodine was harmful to intelligence and growth; 73.7% of housewives considered iodine salt being the best way to prevent IDD. In housewives to whom their children had passed on the knowledge of IDD, 49.2% were well informed. 99.8%, 99.8% and 97.1% of the teachers knew that lack of iodine might do major harm to their health, that iodine salt was the best method to prevent IDD and that whether or not their students passed on the knowledge of IDD to their parents and relatives, respectively. Conclusions The investigation reveals that students and housewives need to improve their knowledge about the harm due to lacking iodine and the major preventive measure. Teachers-students-housewives propaganda chain needs to be well established.

关 键 词：健康教育 缺碘 重点人群 IDD 家庭主妇 碘盐 碘缺乏病 生长发育 危害 防治 

分 类 号：R599[医药卫生—内科学]