甜瓜属人工异源四倍体(Cucumis hytivus)染色体组间重组的细胞学及分子标记研究  

Cytological and Molecular Studies on Genomic Exchange and Reconstitution in the Synthetic Allotetraploid Cucumis hytivus

作　　者：庄飞云[1] 陈劲枫[1] 钱春桃[1] 罗向东[1] 雷春[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学园艺学院/作物遗传与种质创新国家重点实验室

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2005年第3期582-588,共7页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划专项资助项目(2002AA241251;2002AA207012; 2004AA241120);国家自然科学基金资助项目(30470120);教育部跨世纪优秀人才培养计划资助项目

摘　　要：采用细胞学和分子标记方法对甜瓜属人工异源四倍体(C.　hytivus　Chen　and　Kirkbride,2n　=　4x　=　38)的亲本染色体组间的交换重组进行了研究。通过对减数分裂中期 I 染色体行为观察,在 108 个花粉母细胞中有 50 个细胞具有多价体,占 46.3%,染色体的平均构型为0.56I+17.36II+0.35III+0.26IV+0.046V+0.056VI,表明两亲本染色体组间发生了广泛的重组交换。通过对 446 条随机引物进行筛选,有 5 条引物扩增出 6 条 C.　hytivus特征带。选取其中 3 条转换成 SCAR 标记,对 13 种甜瓜属不同基因型材料的 DNA 进行扩增,结果仅有 SAP-03/700标记表现为特异性。进一步分析这一标记在人工异源四倍体(C.　hytivus)、栽培黄瓜(C.　sativus　var.　sativus)及野生黄瓜(C.　sativus　var.　hardwickii)中扩增出的 3 条不同分子量条带序列,发现两端序列较为一致,中间部分不同,与黄瓜线粒体基因组序列有 200　bp 左右的大小相同,但方向相反。The exchanges and reconstitutions between the two genomes in the allotetraploid Cucumis hytivus Chen & Kirkbride (2n = 4x = 38) were investigated by cytological and molecular means. Among the 108 pollen mother cells (PMC) observed, 50 PMC (about 46.3%) had multivalents, indicating the wide genomic exchange and reconstitution. The average chromosome configuration was 0.56I+17.36II+0.35III+0.26IV+0.046V+0.056VI. Among 446 arbitrary primers, only 5 primers could produce 6 specific bands of C. hytivus. Three of them were selected and converted into sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers. The SCAR markers were used in amplification with 13 Cucumis genotypes, and the results showed that only SAP-03/700 marker was specifically amplified. Compared the sequence of 3 different bands amplified by SAP-03/700 primer pair in C. hytivus, C. sativus var. sativus and C. sativus var. hardwickii, the sequences at 2 ends were similar while the middle parts were different. In addition, about 200 bp of SAP-03/700 was homologous with cucumber mitochorndrial genome, but the directions were contrary.

关 键 词：异源四倍体 甜瓜 染色体组 黄瓜 亲本 分子标记方法 染色体行为 人工 扩增 细胞学 

分 类 号：S652[农业科学—果树学]