颈部血管和神经与颈椎的关系及应用解剖  

The relation and applied anatomy of blood vessel, nerve and cervical vertebrae in neck

作　　者：刘学敏[1] 王俊生[1] 武志兵[1] 杨永强[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西长治医学院人体解剖学教研室,长治046000

出　　处：《解剖学研究》2005年第1期64-65,共2页Anatomy Research

摘　　要：目的观测颈部血管、神经与颈椎的关系,为颈椎手术提供帮助。方法在40侧成人标本上,观测颈部血管、神经的长度及起止点与相邻颈椎间的距离。结果面动脉与舌神经伴行,起点距相邻C3椎体为(18.5±7.2)mm。舌动脉与舌下神经伴行,起点距相邻C2～3椎体为(19.7±8.4)mm。甲状腺上动脉与喉上神经外支伴行,起点距相邻C3椎体为(17.0±5.7)mm,止点距相邻C5椎体为(18.2±2.5)mm。喉上动脉与喉上神经内支伴行,起点距相邻C3椎体为(15.7±6.7)mm,止点距相邻C3椎体为(19.7±5.8)mm。甲状腺下动脉起点距相邻C7椎体为(17.3±5.5)mm,止点距相邻C7椎体为(11.3±3.4)mm。结论颈上部有数支动脉起至C2～3高度,此处显露喉上神经尤为重要。颈中部尽量减少对颈内脏鞘和颈动脉鞘的牵拉。颈下部则熟悉喉返神经与甲状腺下动脉的关系。手术途径选右侧为宜,以避免胸导管的损伤。Objective To provide help for the operation of cervical vertebrae. Methods The lengths of blood vessels, nerves and the distances from their starting point and end to near cervical vertebrae were observed and measured in 40 sides of 20 adult cadaveric neck. Results The facial artery follows the lingual nerve, the lengths from the starting point of facial artery to cervical vertebrae 3(C3) was (18.5±7.2)mm. The lingual artery follows the hypoglossal nerve, the distances from the starting point of the lingual artery to C2～3 was (19.7±8.4)mm. The superior thyroid artery follows the lateral branch of the superior laryngeal nerve, the distances from the starting point of the superior thyroid artery to C3 was (17.0± 5.7)mm, the length from the end of the superior thyroid artery to C5 was(18.2±2.5)mm. The superior laryngeal artery follows the medial branch of the superior laryngeal nerve, the distances from its starting point and end to C3 were(15.7±6.7)mm and(19.7±5.8)mm. The inferior thyroid artery, these distances from its starting point and end to C7 were (17.3±5.5)mm and (11.3±3.4)mm respectively. Conclusion The position of the superior cervical vertebrae, some arteries start from the height of C2～3, it is very importance to appear the superior laryngeal nerve. We should reduce movement for the viscera and the artery in middle cervical vertebrae. We must know the relation about the recurrent laryngeal nerve and the inferior thyroid artery. The operative approach was chosen on right neck to avoid hurting thoracic duct.

关 键 词：椎体 颈部血管 颈椎 喉上神经 甲状腺下动脉 应用解剖 手术途径 起点 目的观 结论 

分 类 号：R322[医药卫生—人体解剖和组织胚胎学]