碘化银核化过程的数值模拟研究  

THE NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF AGI NUCLEATION IN CLOUD

作　　者：刘诗军[1] 胡志晋[2] 游来光[2] 

机构地区：[1]山东省气象科学研究所,济南250031 [2]中国气象科学研究院,北京100081

出　　处：《气象学报》2005年第1期30-40,共11页Acta Meteorologica Sinica

基　　金：自然科学基金课题 (4 9675 2 47);国家"九五"攻关项目"农业气象灾害防御研究"(96 0 2 0 0 5 );科技部社会公益研究专项资金项目 (2 0 0 1DIB2 0 10 4)。

摘　　要：根据DeMott等给出的不同成核机制下AgI成核效率的实验结果 ,通过数值模拟的方法 ,研究了AgI粒子在云室、层状云和对流云中的核化过程。通过对云室的模拟 ,发现云滴浓度和云雾持续时间是造成不同云室检测的AgI成核率相差悬殊的主要原因。数值试验结果表明AgI的成核方式在层状云和对流云中有很大不同 :层状云中AgI主要以接触冻结、浸没冻结等慢核化过程为主 ,而对流云中则以凝结冻结过程为主。Generally, the mechanism of ice-forming process by AgI can be identified as deposition, contact freezing, condensation freezing and immersion freezing. The total nucleation activity is the sum of contributions from different nucleation modes. In 1995, P.J.DeMott etc published their dynamic chamber experiment results, in which they identified the effect of the four ice-forming mechanisms and gave out the quantitative results of them. In our research, the experiments results of P.J.DeMott etc were applied in box model, one-dimension stratiform cloud model and three-dimension convective cloud model. Results show that the dominant ice-forming mechanism in different clouds is quite different and explain the reason why the nucleation rate tested by different cloud chamber is inconsistent. The detail demonstration will be given in the following part. In box model, the nucleation process of AgI in cloud chamber was studied. Its results included the following three parts: (1) AgI nucleation activity is depended on cloud droplets concentration and cloud holding time. The cloud droplets concentration and the cloud holding time is quite different in different cloud chamber, so the nucleation rate tested by different cloud chamber is extreme variance. These results have been approved by the Bigg cloud chamber, the 2 m 3 CSU cloud chamber and the 96 m 3 cloud chamber. (2) Just as other experiments showed, temperature and humidity have notable effect on AgI nucleation activity. Normally, if the temperature is lower and the humidity is higher, the AgI nucleation process is often more effective. (3) Though the nucleation rates tested by different cloud chamber are different, the normalized results are quite similar. In stratiform cloud simulation research, the one-dimension cloud model developed by Hu zhijin etc (1986) was used. In this model, water vapor, cloud water, ice crystal, snow, graupel, rain and their 18 interactive actions were considered. Besides these, variables involved AgI nucleation process have been added, a

关 键 词：数值模拟研究 核化 碘化银 AgI 对流云 层状云 成核机制 持续时间 试验结果 冻结过程 云室 成核率 

分 类 号：P481[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] X145[环境科学与工程—环境科学]