污名对心理健康的影响  

Influence of stigma on mental health

作　　者：张智[1] 

机构地区：[1]云南师范大学教育科学与管理学院,云南省昆明市650092

出　　处：《中国临床康复》2005年第12期178-179,共2页Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation

基　　金：云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目(042731G)~~

摘　　要：目的:探讨污名的内涵、影响因素及对大学生心理状态的危害。方法:通过文献调查法,对污名的分类、形成机制以及对大学生心理状态的影响进行剖析。结果:污名是社会认知建构的产物,其形成与线索、刻板印象、偏见和歧视这四项社会认知过程有关;污名包括公众污名和自我污名,其形成机制都与刻板印象、偏见和歧视有关,区别在于指向对象不同;公众污名和自我污名的思维模式都具有全盘否定的非理性特征,它降低了大学生的自尊、掠夺其自我成长和发展的机会,大学生对公众污名的内化会加重自我歧视。结论:公众污名与自我污名的相互消极影响会加重大学生寻求救助的心理负担,使急需咨询服务的心理疾患的大学生反而更少利用心理咨询机构服务。采用教育、澄清、接触等策略降低或消除公众污名,采用撕标签、挖潜力、求发展等策略清除自我污名对心理健康的危害,促进大学生心理求助和心理保健行为。AIM: To explore connotation and influential factors of stigma and its harmfuln ess to undergraduates' mental status. METHODS:The category and forming mechanisms of stigma, and its impact on under graduates' mental status were analyzed by literature survey. RESULTS: Stigma, the product of social and cognitive construction, formed asso ciated with the courses of four social cognitions, i.e., clue, stereotype, preju dice and discrimination. Stigma involved public stigma and self stigma, its for ming mechanisms were associated with stereotype, prejudice and discrimination, a nd the difference between them was various target orientation. The thinking pat terns of public stigma and self stigma, possessing the irrational character of total repudiation, debased the undergraduates' self respect, and deprived them of the opportunities of self development and progress. Undergraduates' internal ization to public stigma deteriorated their self stigma. CONCLUSION: The negative inter impact of public stigma and self stigma worse ns the mental burden of undergraduates' help seeking, which further makes the u ndergraduates with mental diseases who are badly in need of counseling service l essen to employ the service provided by psychological counseling constitution.Th e strategies such as education,clarification and contact can be used to diminish or eliminate public stigma,and tearing labels, exploiting potential and seeking self development be used to diminish self stigma harmful to mental health for promoting help seeking and mental health care behaviors of undergraduates.

关 键 词：学生/心理学 心理学 医学 精神卫生 

分 类 号：R749.92[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]