高粱SSA-1无融合生殖胚胎学研究  

EMBRYOLOGICAL STUDY ON APOMIXIS IN A SORGHUM LINE SSA 1

作　　者：吴树彪[1] 尚勇进 韩雪梅[1] 王景雪[1] 牛天堂[2] 张福耀[3] 韦耀明[3] 孟存刚 阎喜梅[3] 郑静波[3] 

机构地区：[1]山西省农业科学院生物工程研究室,太原030031 [2]山西省农业科学院,太原030006 [3]山西省农业科学院高粱研究所,榆次030611

出　　处：《Acta Botanica Sinica》1994年第11期833-837,共5页Acta Botanica Sinica（植物学报：英文版）

基　　金：山西省重点科技攻关项目;自然科学基金;回国留学人员科研资助项目

摘　　要：经常规石蜡切片法，在光学水平观察了高粱（Ｓｏｒｇｈｕｍ ｂｉｃｏｌｏｒ （Ｌ．） Ｍｏｅｎｃｈ） ＳＳＡ－１ 无融合生殖的胚胎发生。高粱ＳＳＡ－１ 的无融合生殖为无孢子生殖和二倍体孢子生殖两种类型。两种生殖类型的单核胚囊经３ 次有丝分裂形成７ 细胞（８ 核）的成熟胚囊，由卵细胞、２ 个助细胞、２ 个极核和３ 个反足细胞组成。反足细胞迅速分裂增殖，形成由２０—３０ 个细胞组成的细胞团。此外，还具有一定频率的无孢子生殖多孢原和多胚囊现象。在未授粉情况下，卵细胞自发分裂形成典型的禾本科类型单子叶胚。经切片统计表明，ＳＳＡ－１ 的无融合生殖频率为４２％ ，证明该系为一兼性无融合生殖系。文中还讨论了ＳＳＡ－１ 无融合生殖过程的特点。The Developmental process of apomictic embryo sac and embryo in a sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.) line SSA 1 was observed under light micrascope, using the method of conventional paraffin sectioning.The result showed that the apomictic development conforms apospory and diplospory.The uninucleate embryo sac underwent mitotic divisions for three times to form a seven celled or eight nuclei mature embryo sac including an egg, two synergids, two polar nuclei and three antipodals.The antipodals divided and multiplicated to form an antipodal mass.Moreover, aposporous multiarchesporial cells and multiple embryo sacs were infrequently observed.Without pollination, the egg divided autonomously to form a typical graminaceous mature embryo.The authors counted the apomictic sections in the whole sections and the result showed that the frequency of apomixis was 42%, indicating the facultative apomictic property in the line SSA 1.The characteristics of apomictic process in the line SSA 1 is also discussed.

关 键 词：无融合生殖 无孢子生殖 高粱 胚胎学 

分 类 号：S514.032[农业科学—作物学]