八倍体小滨麦与硬粒小麦杂交F_1的细胞遗传学研究  

Cytogenetic Studies of F_1 Hybrid between Octoploid Tritileymus and Triticum durum

作　　者：赵继新[1] 陈新宏[1] 武军[1] 傅杰[1] 陈良超 孙志刚 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学农学院陕西省植物遗传工程与育种重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [2]陕西省种业集团有限责任公司,陕西西安710016

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2005年第2期18-22,共5页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：农业部农业结构调整重大技术研究专项(2002-02-01A);杨凌农业生物技术育种项目(1999-5);西北农林科技大学青年科研专项。

摘　　要：八倍体小滨麦(OctoploidTritileymus)与硬粒小麦(Triticumdurum)的杂交研究结果表明以八倍体小滨麦作母本,硬粒小麦作父本时,杂交结实率较高,平均为28.47%,而其反交结实率较低,平均仅为5.84%。杂种F1自交结实率极低,平均为1.11%;F1形态兼具硬粒小麦、普通小麦(Triticumaestivum)和滨麦(L.mollis)特性;杂种F1PMCMI染色体构型主要是14 +14 ,平均为13.51 +13.82 +0.14 +0.10 +0.02 ,普通小麦D染色体组与滨麦J、N染色体组配对频率分别为3.02%和3.57%,说明D组与J、N组间基本无同源关系。同时杂种F1PMC后期有落后染色体排列在赤道板上,末期和末期出现大量二分孢子、四分孢子带微核现象。The crossing between Octoploid Tritileymus and Triticum durum were studied. Average seed setting of 28.47% and 5.84% were observed from the cross of amphiploid Octoploid Tritileymus × Triticum durum and the reciprocal one respectively. The rate of self-fertility of F_1 was very low(average only 1.11%). The morpho-agronomic character of F_1 simultaneously had the traits of T. durum,T. aestivum and L. mollis. Most of the PMCs had 14Ⅱ+14Ⅰat MI. Average configuration of chromosomes was 13.51Ⅰ+13.82Ⅱ+0.14Ⅲ+0.10Ⅳ+0.02Ⅴ. The further meiotic analysis indicated that the rate of homologues pairing was only 3.02% and 3.57% between genomes D (from T. aestivum) and J or N (from L. mollis) respectively. It suggested that the two genomes might not have the homologues chromosomes. At the same time, the laggard chromosomes on the equatorial plate at anaphase I and a large number of bispore or quartet with micronucleus at telophase Ⅰ, telophase Ⅱ were discovered.

关 键 词：八倍体小滨麦 硬粒小麦 遗传学研究 细胞 普通小麦 杂交结实率 自交结实率 染色体构型 D染色体组 研究结果 杂种F1 平均 孢子带 末期 母本 父本 反交 

分 类 号：S512.19[农业科学—作物学]