MADS-box基因在果实发育、成熟过程中的作用  

Effect of MADS-box Genes to Fruit Development and Ripeness

作　　者：胡丽芳[1] 金志强[1] 徐碧玉[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院热带作物生物技术国家重点实验室,海口571101

出　　处：《分子植物育种》2005年第3期415-420,共6页Molecular Plant Breeding

基　　金：海南省高校中青年科研和教学奖励基金项目资助。

摘　　要：MADS-box基因是一个序列特异的调节基因家族,所编码的蛋白为转录因子,主要由MADS盒、K盒、I区、C末端、N末端等5个部分组成,其中MADS盒非常保守。MADS-box转录因子是通过二聚体化的形式以其保守结构域与特定的DNA序列相结合来调控基因的表达的。大量的研究表明,MADS-box基因在植物花的发育上具有重要的作用,已克隆出了许多与花器官发育相关的A￣C类的MADS-box基因,而且也发现了许多可以调控花时的MADS-box基因。目前,越来越多的研究表明,MADS-box基因在果实的发育、成熟中也有着重要的作用。已在矮牵牛和拟南芥中分离出与胚珠的发育密切相关的几个MADS-box基因FBP7、FBP11、STK、SHP及SEP基因。目前认为果实的成熟主要是由于乙烯的调控而引起的,但在番茄中发现1个MADS-box基因与果实的成熟相关,而且可能是跃变型和非跃变型果实共有的果实成熟调节者,首次发现MADS-box对果实成熟的作用会为用非激素的方法来调控果实成熟提供新途径。果实的开裂会严重影响某些裂果的产量,进行相关的分子调控有着重要的实际意义,已在拟南芥中发现2个MADS-box基因SHP和FUL与果实的开裂密切相关,SHP会控制裂开区域的分化,而FUL的过量表达会抑制裂片区域的木质化,FUL可以负调控SHP基因。The MADS-box genes is a regulatory genes family, and the encoded protei n is called MADS-box transcriptional factor which include five proportions-MADS region? K region ?I region?C terminal and N terminal, the MADS region is very co nservative. The conservative region of the MADS-box transcriptional factor is co mbined with the special DNA sequences in the form of dimer to regulate the expre ssion of genes. Lots of researchs have indicated that the MADS-box gene play an important role during the development of the flowers, there have already cloned a lot of A^C clades of the MADS-box genes to the development of the organs of th e flowers, moreover, some MADS-box genes to regulate the flowering-time have al so been cloned. Recently, more and more researchs have displayed that the MADS-b ox genes also show important functions to the development ? ripeness of fruits. Several MADS-box genes related to the development of the ovule such as FBP7?FBP1 1?STK?SHP and SEP have been cloned from the petunia and the Arbidopsis. Nowadays , there is a popular view that the ripeness of the fruit is related to the ethyl ene, however, in the tomato, people have found a MADS-box gene may regulate the ripeness of the fruit, and it may be the common regulator of the climacteric and non-climacteric fruits, the first discover of the MADS-box gene to ripening may provide a new method to nonhormonal regulation of ripening. Fruit-dehiscence c an affect the product of some dehiscent fruits, there is an important practical meaning to regulate it by the molecular method. In the Arabidopsis, two MADS-box genes SHP and FUL may have relations to the fruit dehiscence also have been fou nd, SHP can promote dehiscence zone differentiation,but constitutive expression of FUL sufficient to prevent formation of the dehiscence zone and it can negativ ely regulate SHP.

关 键 词：MADS-BOX基因 果实发育 成熟过程 转录因子 果实成熟 DNA序列 保守结构域 花器官发育 SHP 基因家族 调控基因 首次发现 实际意义 分子调控 过量表达 拟南芥 跃变型 二聚体 植物花 矮牵牛 STK SEP 行相关 木质化 负调控 

分 类 号：Q945.65[生物学—植物学]