中国造山带内生金属矿床类型、特点和成矿过程探讨  

Types and Characteristics of Endogenetic Metallic Deposits in Orogenic Belts in China and Their Metallogenic Processes

作　　者：毛景文[1] 李晓峰[2] 李厚民[1] 曲晓明[2] 张长青[1] 薛春纪[3] 王志良[2] 余金杰[2] 张作衡[2] 丰成友[2] 王瑞廷[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学地球科学与资源学院,北京100083 [2]中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所,北京100037 [3]长安大学地球科学与国土资源学院,西安710054

出　　处：《地质学报》2005年第3期342-372,共31页Acta Geologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(编号G1999043211和G1999043216);地质调查项目(编号K1.4);国家自然科学基金项目(编号40434011)资助的成果

摘　　要：中国是造山带最为发育的国家之一,尤其是在西部地区分布广泛。本文从成矿地球动力学演化角度对中国造山带中矿床类型、特点和成矿过程进行了初步的综合研究,将造山带矿床分为碰撞造山型和俯冲造山型两种。前者进一步可分为同碰撞造山过程成矿和后碰撞造山成矿。以青藏高原为例,又将同碰撞造山过程成矿分为碰撞造山期成矿、松弛期(伸展)成矿、走滑拉分盆地成矿和剪切带扩容成矿。以西秦岭和东天山为例,剖析了后碰撞成矿特点、过程和成矿规律。在扬子克拉通西南缘发育有中国颇具特色的低温成矿域,包括广泛分布的卡林型金矿、密西西比型铅锌矿和玄武岩型铜矿,本文研究提出这些矿床形成于中生代大陆边缘造山带弧后伸展盆地。There are a lot of orogenic belts with different mineral resources through the geological history in China. After a preliminary study we propose that metallic deposits in the orogenic belts can be divided into collision-and subduction-related. The former one can be further divided into syncollision-and postcollision-related metallic deposits. The syncollisional mineral deposits can be recognized in the Tibetan Plateau, an active orogenic belt. They occur along the extension zones perpendicular to main sutures in the compresional stage, relaxation belts parallel to the main suture, pull-apart basins and detachments along the strike-slip faults. On the whole, all the mineralizations formed during the syncollisional orogenic process occur in the tensional structures. It is difficulty to find syncollisional ore deposits in ancient orogenic belts. They could be eroded or overprinted by subsequent geological processes. Most ore deposits in ancient orogens are of postcollisional age. We take the eastern Tianshan and western Qinling as samples to discuss the nature, characteristics, process, and distribution of the postcollisional metallogenic process. Although porphyry copper deposits formed in the collisional age, the others comprising gold, skarn and vein type copper, skarn copper-iron or polymetallic silver, and Cu-Ni sulfide deposits occur at a range of 290～270 Ma in eastern Tianshan, later than the orogenic age of ca. 320 Ma. The mineralization pulse in western Qinling is 210～160 Ma, which is later than the orogenic age of 240～220 Ma, too. The mineralization on the southwestern margin of the Yangtze Craton is well-known as a region with low-temperature hydrothermal deposit association in China. It comprises Carlin type gold deposits, MVT lead-zinc deposits and flood basalt-hosted copper deposits. We propose that these mineral deposits occur in Jurassic—Cretaceous extensional basins to the east of a Mesozoic N-S-trending orogenic belt caused by the subduction of the Tethys plate, which is similar to the conf

关 键 词：矿床类型 成矿过程 造山带 中国 碰撞造山过程 地球动力学演化 金属 内生 低温成矿域 扬子克拉通 卡林型金矿 地区分布 综合研究 青藏高原 拉分盆地 成矿特点 成矿规律 伸展盆地 大陆边缘 矿床形成 造山期 剪切带 东天山 

分 类 号：P611.1[天文地球—矿床学]