不同能见度条件下飞机图象视觉识别效能的研究  

Study of visual identification effectiveness of aircraft image at different levels of visibility

作　　者：王珏[1] 王学义[1] 金春哲[1] 余学军 高隽[1] 王云景[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海海军医学研究所,上海200433

出　　处：《中华航空医学杂志》1994年第3期160-164,共5页

摘　　要：本研究旨在探讨不同能见度时目标识别效能的变化规律，为制定保障在雾天安全飞行与着陆（着舰）的规定提供科学依据。利用自制的气雾箱模拟实验系统，录出5种能见度（0．20、0．22、0．34、0．41、1．09km）下5种飞机模型（B－5、F－6、F－7、F－8、A－5）的图象（共125幅）。模拟观察距离为200m。然后由54名飞行人员对录出的图象作辨认测试，记录其反应时和正确率。结果显示，记录图象时的能见度愈大，识别正确率愈高，反应时愈短。当能见度达0．34km以上时，平均目标识别率达96％以上，反应时接近1s。而能见度为0．22km时，识别率急剧下降到61％，反应时急剧增长到1．7s。本研究结果提示，不同能见度下视觉辨认的明显变化发生在能见度0.3km附近，能见度降到0．3km以下，将对飞行安全带来极大危害。The purpose of this study is to explore the rule of change in effectiveness of visual identification at different levels of visibility, and provide scientific basis for making corresponding prescription to ensure flying and landing safety of aircraft during a fog. A fog simulating equipment was developed, and with that 5 kinds of aircraft model (B-5,F-6,F-7,F-8,and A-5)images simulating those of thereal aircrafts taken at 5 levels of visibility (0. 20, 0. 22, 0. 34, 0. 41,and 1. 09 km ) from a distance of200 m were shotted by a video camera. Fifty-four flying personnel were asked to identify the imagesshotted in random order,and the reaction time and percentage of correct identification were recorded.The results showed that, in general the higher the level of visibility, the higher the percentage of correctidentification, and the shorter the reaction time. But they are not of linear relationship. When the visibility was higher than 0. 34 km the average percentage of correct identification reached 96% and the reaction time was around 1 s. While visibility was at the level of 0. 22 km,the percentage of correct identification decreased to 61 % and the reaction time increased to 1- 7 s. The results suggest that the effectiveness of visual identification changes abruptly when visibility varies through the level around 0. 3 km,andflying safty will be endangered when visibility below this level.

关 键 词：反应时间 效能 视觉识别 飞行人员 

分 类 号：R852.4[医药卫生—航空、航天与航海医学]