畦田水流特性及灌水质量的分析  

Analysis of Water Flow Performance and Irrigation Efficiency of Border Irrigation

作　　者：王京[1] 史学斌[1] 宋玲[1] 庞秀明[2] 李守存[2] 

机构地区：[1]石河子大学水利与建筑工程学院,新疆石河子832003 [2]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《中国农村水利水电》2005年第6期4-7,共4页China Rural Water and Hydropower

基　　金：国家"十五"重大科技专项"现代节水农业技术与新产品"课题(20022AA2Z4211)。

摘　　要：在陕西杨凌的冬小麦地及果树地进行了畦田规格和灌水技术要素对水流推进和消退过程、灌水效率及灌水均匀系数影响的田间试验,结果表明,文中给出的地面灌溉模型可较好地模拟畦田水流运动。根据灌水前、后土壤体积含水量计算了入渗水深均匀系数,结果表明,入渗水深均匀系数随畦宽的变化趋势与灌水效率相同,但可以达到0.75以上。对地面灌溉来说,高均匀系数并不一定意味着高灌水效率(田间水利用系数)。Field experiments were conducted in the winter wheat and fruit trees farmlands of Yangling City, Shanxi Province, to investigate the impacts of the sizes of the borders and irrigation technique parameters on the water flow advance and recession, irrigation application efficiency and distribution uniformity (DU). The results showed that the surface irrigation model could simulate the border irrigation water flow movement effectively. The distribution uniformity is calculated according to the changes in soil moisture content. It was found that the DU varies with the border width in a similar tendency with application efficiency, and a high DU of greater than 0.75 is possible in most of the borders. The results suggested that a high DU value does not necessarily mean high application efficiency for surface irrigation.

关 键 词：地面灌溉 水流特性 数学模拟 灌水效率 灌水均匀度 

分 类 号：S274.3[农业科学—农业水土工程]