从回指确认的角度看汉语叙述体篇章中的主题标示  

Topic marking in Chinese narrative discourse:A perspective in discourse anaphora resolution

作　　者：许余龙[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海外国语大学语文文学研究所,上海200083

出　　处：《当代语言学》2005年第2期122-131,共10页Contemporary Linguistics

摘　　要：本文通过对实际语料的分析,探讨了在以汉语民间故事为代表的叙述体篇章中,主题标示的主要句法和形态手段。我们发现,将一个新引入篇章的实体标示为潜在的篇章主题的最重要手段是存现结构和无定名词短语,两者常结合使用,后者有时可以在前面加上一个无定指示形容词“这么”,来进一步强调所引入实体的主题性;而将一个已引入篇章的实体标示为当前篇章谈论的主题的最常用手段是句子的主述题结构,在句子的主语/主题位置上使用一个指示词语可以进一步标示该主题的重要性;前置副动词短语则用于标示一个重要的副主题。Through text analysis, this paper examines the syntactic and morphological means typically employed in Chinese narrative texts for topic marking. It is found that the most important means for marking new entities as potential discourse topics are the existential-presentative construction and indefinite NPs, which are often used together and the latter of which may sometimes be modified by an indefinite demonstrative adjective “zheme” (这么) to emphasize the topicality of the entity introduced into the discourse. The most frequently used means for marking an entity already introduced into discourse as the current topic is the topic-comment structure of the clause; and the use of a demonstrative expression may further indicate the importance of the topic. Co-verbal expressions are used to mark an important co-topic.

关 键 词：标示 篇章 叙述 汉语 回指 指示形容词 民间故事 名词短语 结合使用 指示词语 动词短语 实体 主题性 无定 结构 句子 语料 句法 强调 谈论 主语 

分 类 号：H15[语言文字—汉语]