长期接触中低强度噪声对作业人员心电图及听力的影响  

Changes of electrocardiogram and hearing on the workers long-term exposed to medium or low intensity noise

作　　者：陈朝东[1] 吴银娇[1] 唐国汉[1] 潘金城[1] 林锦明[1] 黄伟欣[1] 

机构地区：[1]广东省职业病防治院,广东广州510300

出　　处：《中国职业医学》2005年第3期35-37,共3页China Occupational Medicine

摘　　要：目的探讨中低强度高频噪声对作业人员心电图及听力的影响。方法对某石油化工公司炼油车间作业环境进行卫生学调查及对249名接触噪声人员的心电图及听力进行分析,并与92名对照组进行比较。结果作业现场共测95个噪声点,噪声强度为53.6～98.0(81.7±5.8)dB(A),其中有15个点超过国家卫生标准,超标率为15.8%;作业组人员心电图总异常率为28.1%,明显高于对照组的16.3%(P<0.05),尤其是窦性心律不齐较明显(11.6%);作业人员的听力损失为18.9%,明显高于对照组的7.6%(P<0.01);其损害程度随着工龄的增加而增加,特别是工龄在15年以上的更明显。结论作业人员长期在平均噪声强度低于卫生标准下工作,仍可有一定程度的心电图改变和听力损失。Objective To explore the changes of electrocardiogram(ECG) and hearing on the workers exposed to medium or low intensity noise. Methods A hygienic investigation in the workplaces was carried out in a petrochemical company. The results of ECG and hearing examination on 249 noise exposers were compared with 92 controls. Results The intensities in 95 noise points were measured and 15 points (15.8%) exceeded the national hygienic standard. The noise intensity and average noise intensity were 53.6～98.0 dB(A) and (81.7±5.8)dB(A) respectively, while the noise intensity in control rooms was(56.7±2.7) dB(A). A significantly higher detecting rate(28.1%) of abnormal ECG in exposure group was found, compared with the control group(16.3%,P<0.05), and sinus arrhythmia(11.6%) was the most remarkable finding. The workers exposed to noise had a significantly higher abnormal rate(18.9%) of hearing than that of the control(7.6%,P<0.01),showing the damages increasing with the length of service, especially in those working for more than 15 years. Conclusion ECG and hearing in workers could be affected with long-term exposure to medium low intensity noise, even if the exposure average level was lower than the limited level of hygienic standard.

关 键 词：中低强度 噪声 心电图 听力 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生] TB53[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]