有机锡化合物的毒性效应及其影响因素  

Toxicity of organic tin compounds and its influencing factors

作　　者：王珊珊[1] 冯流[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京化工大学化学工程学院环境工程系,北京100029

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2005年第3期12-15,共4页Journal of Safety and Environment

摘　　要：以斜生栅藻(Scenedesmusobliquus)和大型蚤(Daphnia magna)为受试生物,采用静水试验法评价了5种有机锡化合物的毒性效应,并初步探讨了化合物结构和性质对其毒性效应的影响。结果表明,有机锡化合物对两种水生生物均显示出较强的毒性,且具有相同的变化规律,即毒性效应均表现为三丁基锡>四丁基锡>二丁基锡>一丁基锡,但由于种间差异及外部因素的影响,同一有机锡化合物对两种水生生物的毒性作用差异明显。同时,有机锡化合物自身的理化性质和分子结构也影响着它们对水生生物的毒性效应,只有当Sn原子与C原子相连时才表现出毒性,即有机锡对水生生物具有毒性。在同一取代系列的有机锡化合物中,取代烷基的数目越多,毒性越大,但是当取代烷基数增加到一定程度后,由于分子体积过大,毒性反而降低。The present paper intends to introduce the authors' study of the toxic effects of organo-tin compounds, by means of testing its static toxicity. In order to determine the degree of toxicity of the five organo-tin compounds to Scenedesmus obliquus and Daphnia magna, the paper has made a detailed discussion of the influence of the tin compounds' structure and physicochemical properties on their toxic effects. As a result, we have found the relationship of the organo-tin compounds' toxicity in accordance with the curves of k-(-ρ) and μ-(-ρ). The results indicate that all the organo-tin compounds have relatively strong toxicity to the two aquatic organisms in a similar sequence of toxic effect, viz. tri-n-butyltin >tetra-n-butyltin >di-n-butyltin >butyltin. However, there is no toxicity with SnCl_2. On the other hand, due to the difference of the compound species and the influences of the external environmental factors, the toxicity of the same tin compound to the two aquatic organisms proves to be greatly different. At the same time, their physico-chemical properties and molecular structure may also account for their different toxicity to the aquatic organisms. When Sn atom and C atoms are attached to, the toxicity would occur, and so does it with the organo-tin compounds. Even for the same series, the more substituted alkyl is, the stronger the hydrophobicity will be with the organo-tin compounds, and the higher the toxicity will be. However, when the number of substituted alkyl has increased more than enough, the toxicity would come down because of the bigger molecular size.

关 键 词：毒理生物化学 有机锡 急性毒性 斜生栅藻 大型蚤 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]