若尔盖湿地国家自然保护区三种无尾两栖类夏秋季生境选择  

Habitat Selection of Three Amphibians (Rana kukunoris,Nanorana pleskei,Bufo minshanicus) During Summer-Autumn in Zoige Wetland National Nature Reserve

作　　者：戴建洪[1] 戴强[1] 张明 张晋东[1] 李成[1] 刘兵[1] 刘志军[1] 王跃招[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院成都生物研究所 [2]若尔盖湿地国家自然保护区管理局,四川若尔盖624500

出　　处：《Zoological Research》2005年第3期263-271,共9页动物学研究（英文）

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程重要项目(KSCX2-SW-123);国家自然科学基金资助项目(30470252;30070090)

摘　　要：2004年8-9月在若尔盖湿地国家自然保护区采用样方法对高原林蛙(Rana kukunoris)、倭蛙(Nanorana pleskei)和岷山蟾蜍(Bufo minshanicus)的生境选择性进行了研究.先设置16个50 m×50 m的样地,再在每个样地内分25个10 m×10 m的样方,测量每个样方中的12个生境因子(牧场性质、草本高度、草本盖度、牛粪数量、鼠兔洞口数量、鼢鼠土堆数量、地表温度、地表湿度、土壤温度、离小型水体距离、离大型水体距离、离道路距离).结果表明:这3种两栖类均偏好离溪流、水塘等小型水体距离较近(≤100 m)、离河流、湖泊等大型水体距离较远(>1 000 m)、适度放牧(牛粪数量1～20)以及无鼠兔(Ochotona sp.)洞口的生境.通过比较,发现高原林蛙和倭蛙显著选择夏牧场、草本高度5.1～10.0 cm、离小型水体0～50 m的生境,显著不选择鼢鼠土堆太多(>10)的生境;岷山蟾蜍对牧场性质、离道路距离无显著选择性,显著选择草本高度>20.0 cm、离小型水体51～100 m的生境,不选择无鼢鼠土堆的生境;高原林蛙显著选择离道路>50 m的生境;倭蛙显著选择离道路0～50 m的生境.3种两栖类在生境选择上产生了一定的分离,表明各自有着特殊的生境需求.判别分析表明,牧场性质、草本高度、地表湿度、土壤温度、鼢鼠土堆数量、离大或小型水体距离、离道路距离是区别3种两栖类生境选择的重要参数.Habitat selection of Rana kukunoris, Nanorana pleskei and Bufo minshanicus was studied in Zoige Wetland National Nature Reserve, Sichuan Province,southewest of China, from August to September, 2004. Twelve ecological factors of 16 sites used by the 3 amphibian species were selected and measured. These factors included grazing condition (GC), herbage height (HH), herbage cover (HC), number of yak dejectas (YJ), number of Ochotona cavities (OC), number of sokhor mounds (SM), ground temperature (GT) and moisture (GM), soil temperature (ST), distance to small waterbodies (DSW), distance to large waterbodies (DLW) and distance to roads (DR). The results indicated that R. kukunoris,N. pleskei and B. minshanicus all preferred habitats characterized by distance near small waterbodies (such as ponds) (≤100 m), distance farther (>1 000 m)to larger waterbodies (eg. rivers and lakes), moderate grazing intensity, absence of OC. By comparison, it was found that R. kukunoris and N. pleskei significantly selected summer pasture habitats characterized by HH 5.1-10.0 cm, DSW 0-50 m, significantly not to select habitats with too many SMs (>10). R. kukunoris significantly selected habitats with DR>50 m; B. minshanicus had no significant selection for GC and DR but significantly selected habitats characterized by HH>20.0 cm,DSW 51-100 m and did not select habitats without SMs, N. pleskei significantly selected habitats with DR 0-50 m. The 3 amphibians differed in the habitat selection to some extent, which suggested they had special requirement for habatits respectively and GC, HH, GM, ST, SM, DLW, DSW and DR were the critical factors distinguishing habitat selection of the 3 amphibians species by stepwise discriminant analysis.

关 键 词：若尔盖湿地 高原林蛙 倭蛙 岷山蟾蜍 生境选择 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]