毛竹林等不同森林类型枯落物水文特性的研究  

Studies on the Hydrologic Characteristics of Litter under Phyllostachys pubescens in Several Different Forest Stands

作　　者：高志勤[1] 傅懋毅[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所

出　　处：《林业科学研究》2005年第3期274-279,共6页Forest Research

基　　金：2001-2004年国际合作项目"中国主要竹产区的土地利用制度选择及其对环境的影响"部分研究内容;国际林业研究中心(CIFOR)资助

摘　　要：2002年12月采集位于浙江省富阳市毛竹产区试验林分枯落物,测定毛竹纯林、竹阔混交林枯落物的水文特性并与阔叶林对照,结果表明:24h内枯落物持水进程可以分为两个阶段:阶段Ⅰ(0～8h)和阶段Ⅱ(8～24h)。阶段Ⅰ不同林分枯落物持水量约占饱和持水量(24h)的比例范围为:23.85%～30.39%。枯落物持水量随浸泡时间延长而增加,6～8h后基本趋于稳定。枯落物浸泡1h的平均持水率为1.958g·g-1·h-1,浸泡4h后降低为0.419g·g-1·h-1,降低至初始值的22%。在浸泡2～8h后,毛竹纯林枯落物持水率是竹阔混交林的1/3～1/8。阶段Ⅱ各林分枯落物在不同时段的持水量表现出相似规律,即在8～12h呈现下降趋势,12h后各时段枯落物持水量又有所回升至24h达到饱和。相比之下竹阔混交林枯落物持水量下降幅度最快。各森林类型枯落物对降水的拦蓄能力依此排序为:常绿阔叶林>竹阔混交林>未垦复毛竹纯林>垦复毛竹纯林。从林地枯落物的现存量及饱和持水量着眼,竹阔混交林的水文生态效应优于毛竹纯林而次于常绿阔叶林,垦复毛竹林不利于枯落物水文效应的发挥。This paper dealt with a study on comparisng the hydrologic characteristics of litter layers under different structure of Phyllostachys pubescens and evergreen broadleaved forest stands. It showed that the water absorptive process of litter under various stands can be obviously divided into two phases in 24 hours as follow: phaseⅠ(0NFA488 h) and Ⅱ(8NFA4824 h). The ratio of water-holding capacity of litter under various stands to saturation ranged from (23.85%)to(30.39%) in phaseⅠ(0NFA488 h). The water-holding capacity of litter increased with the delaying of submerging time, and almost no increase occurred after 6NFA488 hours, whereas water holding rate of litter decreased with the delaying of submerging time; the average water holding rate of litter was about 1.958 g·g^(-1)·h^(-1) after dipping in 1 hour. However,it declined to 0.419 g·g^(-1)·h^(-1) approximately which took the percentage of 22% of primary value, water holding rate of pure Moso bamboo litter was about 1/3NFA481/8 that of Moso bamboo mixed with broadleaved forest stands. The order of water conservation ability of litter were as follows: aiphyllium(evergreen broadleaved forest)>Phyllostachys pubescens mixed with broadleaved forest stands>pure Phyllostachys pubescens stands>reclamation Phyllostachys pubescens stands. From the view point of both the dry weight of static litter and water-holding capacity, the hydro-ecological efficiency of Phyllostachys pubescens mixed with broadleaved forest stands was better than that of pure Phyllostachys pubescens stands, whereas weaker than aiphyllium, It was necessary to point out that the reclamation of Phyllostachys pubescens stands won't benefit exert maximum hydro-ecological efficiency.

关 键 词：毛竹林 枯落物 持水率 有效拦蓄能力 

分 类 号：S795.7[农业科学—林木遗传育种]