海湾扇贝血细胞的表面结构及超微结构  

Surface and ultrastructural characterization of the haemocytes in the scallop Argopecten irradians

作　　者：张维翥[1] 吴信忠[2] 汪明[3] 

机构地区：[1]滁州学院化生系 [2]浙江大学动物科学学院,杭州310029 [3]中国农业大学动物医学院,北京100000

出　　处：《动物学报》2005年第3期486-494,共9页ACTA ZOOLOGICA SINICA

基　　金：国家自然科学基金农业倾斜项目(No.30170741);面上项目(No.30371107)资助~~

摘　　要：通过光镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜的观察对海湾扇贝血细胞的形态、表面结构及超微结构进行了研究。根据细胞的大小、形态结构可将血细胞分成四种类型:Ⅰ型小透明细胞,大小约(2·38±0·08)μm,约占比例30%-35%;Ⅰ型大透明细胞,大小约(4·41±0·33)μm,约占比例15%-25%;Ⅱ型小颗粒细胞,大小约(4·15±0·26)μm,约占比例20%-25%;Ⅱ型大颗粒细胞,大小约(8·26±0·52)μm,约占比例25%-30%。血细胞在血淋巴中的平均密度为(3·75±0·65)×107cell/ml。其中Ⅰ型透明细胞占55·3%,Ⅱ型颗粒细胞占44·7%。表面结构观察结果显示有5种形态:圆形血细胞,梨形或梭形血细胞,松果形血细胞,阿米巴样细胞,大型细胞,表面结构与功能密切相关。透射电镜观察结果表明血细胞主要归属于两大类型:Ⅰ型透明细胞和Ⅱ型颗粒细胞。超微结构显示颗粒细胞的细胞质颗粒可区分成三种类型:Ⅰ型高电子密度颗粒,Ⅱ型低电子密度颗粒和Ⅲ型中等电子密度颗粒,并推测Ⅰ型高电子密度颗粒是细胞吞噬的异物(微生物等)或细胞内的废物(沉积颗粒,衰老的胞器或碎片);Ⅱ型低电子密度颗粒是溶酶体类的胞内分泌颗粒,来源于高尔基复合体或内质网;Ⅲ型中等电子密度颗粒可能是次级溶酶体,由Ⅰ型颗粒向Ⅱ型颗粒融合并注入裂解酶类而形成[动物学报51(3):486-494,2005]。Light, transmission electron and scanning electron microscopical studies were carried out to characterize the haemocytes in the scallop Argopecten irradians. Fore kinds of haemocytes were recognized: typeⅠsmall hyalinocytes, size of (2.38±0.08) μm, percentage of 30%-35%; typeⅠlarge hyalinocytes, size of (4.41±0.33) μm, percentage of 15%-20%; typeⅡsmall granulocytes, size of (4.15±0.26) μm, percentage of 20%-25%; typeⅡ large granulocytes, size of (8.26±0.52) μm, percentage of 25%-30% according to cell size, granular features, and some structural and functional characteristics. There might be 5 types of surface structures in the haemocytes under scanning electron microscopy:round shape cells, pear or spindle shaped cells, pinecone-like cell, amoeba-like cells and large shaped cells. Granulocyte types showed larger sizes and smaller N/C ratios than hyalinocytes. The mean haemocyte number was about(3.75 ± 0.65)×10 7 cells/ml of haemolymph. Differential haemocyte counts identified the haemocyte population containing 44.7% granular cells and 55.3% agranular cells. Three types of granules were distinguished: typeⅠ, with high electron-dense, size of 0.1-0.6 μm, with or without membrane surrounding it; typeⅡ,with low electron-dense, size of 0.1-0.5 μm, usually surrounded by a membrane; type Ⅲ, with medium electron-density, size of 0.2-1.0 μm, usually surrounding by a membrane. We suppose that the typeⅠgranules might be formed by engulfing the foreign materials (microorganisms, or other granules) or internal waste materials (organelles or fragments); the typeⅡ granules might be formed by primary lysosomes, probably originating in the Golgi complex or endoplasmic reticulum; and the type Ⅲ granules might be the secondary lysosomes and formed by fusion of two kinds of typeⅠand typeⅡgranules or the matured typeⅠgranules which absorbing some hydrolases in it.

关 键 词：超微结构 表面结构 血细胞 海湾扇贝 电子密度 颗粒细胞 透射电镜观察 结构与功能 扫描电镜 形态结构 平均密度 结构观察 胞质颗粒 分泌颗粒 溶酶体 Ⅰ型 Ⅱ型 透明 比例 类型 细胞内 微生物 内质网 复合体 显示 中等 Ⅲ型 

分 类 号：Q952.4[生物学—动物学]