固沙林庇护区内降尘特征的初步观测  

Preliminary Study on the Dustfall in the Zone Sheltered by Sand-Fixation Forest

作　　者：张华[1] 何红[1] 李锋瑞[2] Yasuhito Shirato 

机构地区：[1]辽宁师范大学城市与环境学院,辽宁大连116029 [2]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,甘肃兰州730000 [3]National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences,Kannondai3-1-3,Tsukuba,Ibaraki,Japan

出　　处：《干旱区地理》2005年第2期156-160,共5页Arid Land Geography

基　　金：中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所创新工程项目(210097)资助

摘　　要：采用野外定位实测法,连续两年对科尔沁沙地24龄人工固沙杨树(Populussimonii)林庇护区内4～6月份及强沙尘暴事件中的降尘特征进行了观测研究。结果表明:(1)林地庇护区内4、5月份的降尘量较多,分别为273和437kg/hm2,6月份的降尘量较少,为171kg/hm2。(2)林地中央的滞尘效应在风蚀季节和强沙尘暴天气过程中十分显著。(3)林地庇护区内的降尘中粒径<0.02mm颗粒含量占60.7%,降尘中的全C、全N和速效P含量分别高达1.676%、0.163%和210.66mg/kg,这对风沙土表层土壤的细化和养分的积累具有重要的生态学意义。In this paper,the dustfall characteristics during the period from April to June and the strong dust storm events in a zone sheltered by 24-year-old artificially afforested forest of Populus simonii for sand fixation over the Horqin Sandland are studied by measuring some parameters of dustfall at some field stationed observation sites. The study area is located in Naiman Banner in the central and southern parts of the Horqin Sandland.It belongs to the semiarid continental monsoon climate in the study area,the average annual solar radiation and sunshine duration are 5 200 MJ/m2 and 2 9 46 hours respectively,the annual temperature is 6.3 ℃,and the annual precipitation is 366 mm,in which the precipitation in spring occupies 9%～12%;the annual and spring average wind speeds vary in ranges of 3.4～4.4 m/s and 4.2～5.9 m/s respectively,and the days of occurring winds with wind speed ≥5 m/s and strong winds with wind speed ≥17 m/s vary in ranges of 210～310 days and 25～40 days respectively,in which the annual days of occurring dust storms are 10～15 days and are mainly in spring.The vegetation over the Horqin Sandland is dominated by Caragana microphylla,Salix gordejevii, Artemisia halodendron,Artemisia frigida,Melissitus ruthenicus,Cleistogenes squarrosa,Setaria viridis, Salsola collina, Agriophyllum squarrosum,etc.The results are as follows: (1)The dustfall reductions in the shelter-forest are the highest and for 273 kg/hm2 and 437 kg/hm2 in April and May respectively, but the reduction is less and for171 kg/hm2 in June; (2)The dust-trapping effect in the central area of the forest is extremely significant during wind-erosion season and in the strong dust storms. (3)The proportion of dust grains <0.02 mm in the deposited dust in the forest-sheltered zone occupies 60.7% of the total,and the proportions of total C and N and available P are 1.676%,0.163% and 210.66 mg/kg respectively.These are of the important ecological significance for fining aeolian topsoil and accumulation of soil nutrients.

关 键 词：特征 固沙林 强沙尘暴 科尔沁沙地 生态学意义 观测研究 天气过程 滞尘效应 颗粒含量 表层土壤 6月份 降尘量 实测法 林地 5月份 速效P 风沙土 

分 类 号：S727.23[农业科学—林木遗传育种]