植物叶片蔗糖、淀粉积累与其降解酶活性关系研究  

Relationship between Leaf Sucrose and Starch Content and Their Degradative Enzymes Activities in Crop Plants

作　　者：熊福生[1] 高煜珠[1] 詹勇昌 李国锋[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏农学院光合作用生理生态研究室,江苏扬州225001

出　　处：《作物学报》1994年第1期52-58,共7页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：江苏省教委自然科学基金资助项目

摘　　要：不同植物功能叶片淀粉、蔗糖积累量及酸性转化酶、淀粉酶活性均存在显著差异.依叶片蔗糖与淀粉积累量比值可大体将测定的28种植物划分为以积累淀粉为主的粉叶植物,以积累蔗糖为主的糖叶植物和介于两者之间的中间类型植物.三类植物功能叶片淀粉积累量与淀粉降解酶活性均无显著相关,但糖叶及粉叶植物叶片蔗糖积累量与酸性转化酶活性呈显著负相关.不同植物叶片发育过程中,其叶片光合产物积累及相应降解酶活性表现出各具特色均不同变化趋势.典型糖叶植物水稻功能叶片酸性转化酶活性远低于典型粉叶植物大豆,而后者叶片傍晚淀粉积累量与相应降解酶活性明显相关.据此,文章讨论了蔗糖及淀粉降解酶对于植物叶片光合产物积累及运输所可能具有的调节作用.The content of sucrose and starch,and the activities of acid invertase and amylases in mature leaves of 28 species of crop plants were measured in order to explore the probable regulatory role of photosynthate degradative enzymes in leaf sucrose and starch accumulation during photosynthesis .The results showed that there is a large difference among the tested species, in the content of sucrose and starch, and in activities of acid invertase and amylases in mature leaves measured at mid-afternoon. Based on the ratio of sucrose to starch, the tested species could be divided into three types, i. e. sugar-leaf, starch-leaf and medial-leaf type. Sucrose content in mature leaves of sugar-leaf and starch-leaf crops showed a strong negative correlation with acid invertase activity, which revealed that for starch-leaf crops,accumulation of sucrose in mature leaves was probably prevented by acid invertase-mediated hydrolysis. The obvious differences in the changes of leaf sucrose and starch content,and activities of acid invertase and amylases during leaf development were also observed among three typical crops. The probable regulatory role of photosynthate degradative enzymes in leaf sucrose and starch accumulation during photosynthesis was also discussed.

关 键 词：淀粉 蔗糖 积累 降解 叶片发育 

分 类 号：S312[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]