隆庆、万历初当政者的文学观念  

The Literary Ideas on the Side of the Authorities in the Ages of Longqing and Early Wanli in the Ming Dynasty

作　　者：罗宗强[1] 

机构地区：[1]南开大学

出　　处：《文学遗产》2005年第4期4-15,共12页

摘　　要：隆庆、万历初先后四位负有治国重任的首辅,当他们从吏治的需要出发看待诗文时,他们要求诗文有益于治道。徐阶主张先道德而后诗文,提出文根本生命,发抒学术,上取正于六经,下取材于诸子。高拱禁繁词,违者处治。张居正论诗,常常引向为政与治国。申时行论文,亦重道而轻文,屡论繁词之弊,取士重实用而轻文艺。但是,他们在私人生活里对诗文的态度是另一回事。他们有的人诗文写得十分的华美动人,毫无道德说教之意味。当繁词不影响治道时,他们对于民间的文风,又取一种宽容的态度。During the periods of Longqing (隆庆) and Early Wanli(万 历 ) in the Ming Dynasty there were successively four celebrated premiers , who took literary works to mind for the benefits of the bureaucra tic rule (吏治) and wanted to make literature serve politics. Premier Xu Jie (徐阶) laid claims of upholding first the morals and then p oems and prose on the basis of Six Classics and various ancient Mast ers. Premier Gao Gong (高拱)seriously forbid to play with profuse phr ases. Premier Zhang Juzheng's (张居正) poetical criticism w as usually conducted for the purpose of national affairs and politics. Premier S hen Shixing (申时行) preferred Ideas to literary talents as well by m eans of repudiating profuse phrases and emphasizing practical experience . But, their attitudes towards poems and prose in their privacy wer e in a different way. Some of them could write very charmingly and even in a gaudy way, exempting all moral preachments. When profuse phrases (繁词) did not affect the way of the bureaucratic rule, th ey usually tolerate the popular literary styles.

关 键 词：文学观念 万历 当政者 私人生活 道德说教 诗文 张居正 重实用 治国 治道 态度 张先 学术 诸子 为政 文艺 民间 

分 类 号：I206.2[文学—中国文学]