不同蜂授粉对设施番茄产量和品质的影响  

Effects of different bee's pollination on yield and fruit quality of greenhouse tomato

作　　者：邢艳红 彭文君[2] 安建东[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京市平谷区种植业服务中心,北京101200 [2]中国农业科学院蜜蜂研究所,北京100093

出　　处：《中国养蜂》2005年第7期8-10,共3页Apiculture of China

基　　金：农业科技成果转化资金项目(03EFN216900278)

摘　　要：在番茄温室内,熊蜂和蜜蜂的授粉习性不同。熊蜂的出巢温度低,日工作时间长,趋光性差,主要采用振动方式授粉;蜜蜂的出巢温度高,日工作时间短,趋光性强,主要采用接触方式授粉。和常规生产中采用的喷施激素方法相比,利用蜜蜂为设施番茄授粉,可以改善果实品质,但在产量上和喷施激素方法没有区别;采用熊蜂为设施番茄授粉,效果比蜜蜂更为显著,熊蜂授粉不仅可以改善番茄果实的营养品质,而且还可以显著提高产量,降低畸形果的比率,果实大而充实,种子数量多,商品性好。总之,对于设施番茄,蜜蜂授粉效果优于喷施激素处理,熊蜂授粉效果优于蜜蜂授粉。Unlike honeybee Apis mellifera, bumblebee Bombus lucorum have different pollination behavior on greenhouse tomato. They have more ability to resist lower temperature and lower illumination, their working hours per day is longer than honeybee's, they gather pollen from flowers by vibrating their wings while honeybee touching flowers with their body. Compare to the traditional method of treat flowers by hormone, honeybee's pollination improve the fruit quality, but there is no difference on yield between them. The effect of bumblebee's pollination is much more significant than the two methods', it not only improve the fruit quality, but also increase the yield, the fruit size and the seed per fruit, decrease the rate of catface fruit. In a word, effect of honeybee pollination is better than hormone treatment's, effect of bumblebee pollination is the best among three methods.

关 键 词：番茄 设施栽培 辅助授粉 熊蜂 蜜蜂 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学] S897.3[农业科学—园艺学]