拔节与孕穗肥比例对中筋小麦氮营养、产量和品质的调控效应  

Effects of ratio of elongation to booting nitrogen on N nutrition, grain yield and quality in medium-gluten wheat

作　　者：顾长善 朱新开[2] 李国生 朱冬梅[2] 韦洪珍 郭文善[2] 

机构地区：[1]江苏省兴化市农业局,江苏兴化225700 [2]扬州大学小麦研究所,江苏扬州225009 [3]扬州大学实验农牧场,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《扬州大学学报（农业与生命科学版）》2005年第2期74-78,共5页Journal of Yangzhou University：Agricultural and Life Science Edition

基　　金：江苏省"十五"科技攻关项目(BE2001333);江苏省高校自然科学基金资助项目(MK0310074);江苏省农业三项工程项目

摘　　要：以中筋小麦扬麦10号为试验材料,探讨拔节与孕穗肥施用比例对氮素吸收利用、籽粒产量和品质的调节效应。结果表明:在中等肥力土壤上,增加拔节期氮肥施用比例,产量提高,蛋白质和面筋含量下降,氮素农学效率、生理效率和运转效率(氮收获指数)均较低,氮素生产效率、吸收效率、利用效率和氮肥表观利用率中等;拔节肥和孕穗肥二次施用有利于产量和品质协调,氮素生产效率、农学效率、吸收效率和氮肥表观利用率最高,但氮素利用效率最低,氮素生理效率和运转效率中等。在土壤肥力中等、施氮量为240kg·hm-2条件下,以基肥、拔节肥、孕穗肥比例为2∶1∶1较为适宜,在土壤后期供肥能力较高、施氮量为150kg·hm-2条件下,则以基肥、壮蘖肥、拔节肥、孕穗肥比例为10∶2∶1～2∶6～7较为适宜。<Abstrcat> With medium-gluten wheat Yangmai 10 as the tested variety, the research focused on the effects of elongation and booting nitrogen on N uptake and utilization efficiency, grain yield and quality. The results indicated that higher proportion of elongation nitrogen increased grain yield, lowered protein content and gluten content. Nitrogen agronomic efficiency (NAE), nitrogen physiological efficiency (NPE), nitrogen harvest index (NHI) were relatively low. Nitrogen production efficiency (NUEg), nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUGE), nitrogen uptake efficiency (NUEA) and nitrogen utilization ratio (NUR) were all at medium level. NUEg, NUEA, and NUR reached their highest level and NUEg was the lowest when the same amount elongation nitrogen and booting nitrogen were used. The suitable ratio of basal∶elongation∶booting N fertilizer application was 2∶1 ∶1 with 240 kg(N)·hm^(-2)() in soil with medium fertility, but the suitable ratio of basal∶tillering∶elongation∶booting N fertilizer application was 10∶2∶1~2∶6~7 with (150 kg(N)·hm^(-2))() in soil with high fertility.

关 键 词：中筋小麦 氮肥施用比例 氮营养效率 籽粒品质 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]