单摄像机虚拟立体视觉测量技术研究  

Study on Single Camera Simulating Stereo Vision Measurement Technology

作　　者：邾继贵[1] 李艳军[1] 叶声华[1] 唐大林[1] 张国全[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津大学精密测试技术及仪器国家重点实验室,天津300072

出　　处：《光学学报》2005年第7期943-948,共6页Acta Optica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(50305024)资助课题

摘　　要：以双目立体视觉传感器三维测量模型为基础,提出了一种用于测量空间三维点坐标的低成本单摄像机模型。该模型利用光学成像,把单摄像机镜像为一对虚拟摄像机,在一个CCD像面上采集到同一物体存在视差的两幅图像,从而恢复空间点的三维信息。讨论了单摄像机传感器测量空间三维点坐标的基本原理,建立了单摄像机传感器的测量模型,克服了双摄像机系统中成本高、切换采集左右摄像机的图像使检测速度减慢等诸多缺陷,为空间三维点的精密测量提供了经济、快速、有效的测量途径。实验表明,传感器可实现约0.8%的相对测量精度,证明了本方案合理、有效。Based on the three-dimensional binocular vision sensor measurement model, a kind of low cost single camera model used to measure coordinates in space was established. By using optical imaging, the single camera was imaged as two virtual cameras. Two parallax images which screened by the same object can be collected in the same charge coupled device (CCD) image surface. Then the three-dimensional information of the measured points can be retrieved. The principle of measuring coordinates in space by single camera sensor was discussed, and the single camera sensor model was constructed. This method overcame some disadvantages in double cameras system, such as high system cost, reduction of the measurement speed when switching the image of two cameras, and provided an economical, rapid, useful measuring approach. Experiment showed that the sensor could attain relative accuracy about 0.8% which indicated the rationality and effectivity of this method.

关 键 词：机器视觉 传感器 单摄像机模型 镜像 三维测量 视差 

分 类 号：TH701[机械工程—仪器科学与技术] TH702[机械工程—精密仪器及机械]