科学理解农药最大残留限量的概念  

A Scientific Understanding of the Maximum Residue Limit (MRL)

作　　者：高仁君[1] 陈隆智[2] 郑明奇[1] 张文吉[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学理学院,100094 [2]陶氏益农中国有限公司,100738

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2005年第7期353-358,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

摘　　要：农药在作物及食品生产中的有益作用已为世界所公认,但是食品中残留微量农药是否对人体健康有危害仍是目前人们关注的焦点。允许的农药残留不应该对人体健康产生影响,因为任何农药在可以使用前必须经过一个包括科学的风险评估在内的农药登记管理程序的评审。最大残留限量(MRLs)是指在优良农业措施(GAP)下使用某农药可能产生的在食物中的最高残留浓度(单位为mg/kg,指每千克商品中残留农药的毫克数),其数值必须是毒理学上可以接受的。MRLs的主要作用是来检验食品生产过程是否严格执行GAP,以及帮助经农药处理的农产品在国际贸易中正常进行进出口活动。MRLs不是一个绝对的安全限量,即接触残留超标的食品并不一定肯定意味着对健康有危害。但是MRLs也经常作为食品安全管理的第一道防线,成为保障人类健康最初级的预警机制。MRLs是各国政府和联合国食品法典委员会设定的,这些设定的标准被应用于国际贸易中。While the benefits of crop protection in food production are clear, there is ongoing dialogue over whether any residues that may remain on food pose a threat to human health. Residues need not be a cause for health concern because before any crop protection product can be registered for use, it must pass through a rigorous regulatory process that includes a scientific risk assessment. Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) are defined as the maximum concentration of pesticide residue (expressed as milligrams of residue per kilogram of commodity) likely to occur in or on food after the use of pesticides according to Good Agricultural Practice (GAP). MRLs are intended primarily as a check that the GAP is being followed and to assist international trade representatives in importing and exporting produce treated with pesticides. MRLs are set based on GAP and not based on toxicological data. MRLs are not safety limits, and exposure to residues in excess of a MRL does not automatically imply a hazard to health. MRLs are established by national authorities and by the Codex Alimentarius Commission of United Nations, which sets standards that are intended to apply to international trade.

关 键 词：最大残留限量 科学 食品法典委员会 MRLS 食品安全管理 人体健康 国际贸易 有益作用 食品生产 农药残留 管理程序 农药登记 风险评估 残留浓度 农业措施 残留农药 生产过程 安全限量 残留超标 预警机制 人类健康 使用前 

分 类 号：S481.8[农业科学—农药学] TS207.53[农业科学—植物保护]