土壤环境质量指导值与标准研究I·国际动态及中国的修订考虑  

STUDY ON SOIL ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS I. INTERNATIONAL TREND AND SUGGESTIONS FOR AMENDMENT IN CHINA

作　　者：王国庆[1] 骆永明[1] 宋静[1] 夏家淇[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤与环境生物修复研究中心土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室 [2]中国国家环境保护总局南京环境科学研究所,南京210042

出　　处：《土壤学报》2005年第4期666-673,共8页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(2002CB410810);国家杰出青年科学基金项目(40125005);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCX3-SW-429)资助

摘　　要：介绍了国际上土壤质量指导值的研究动态、指导原则及应用功能,提出对中国现行土壤环境质量标准进行修订的若干考虑。基于风险的土壤质量指导值/标准已是国际发展的必然趋势。基于风险的土壤质量指导值/标准的制定,需考虑不同的土地利用方式,设置各种土地利用方式下的一般暴露途径、暴露参数(如暴露周期和暴露频率)和临界风险受体。基于风险的土壤质量指导值/标准多用于污染场地/土壤的风险管理,是潜在污染场地/土壤健康风险初步识别和预测的依据。中国现行土壤环境质量标准的修订,需对标准的功能和宗旨、制定方法论、土地利用方式、土壤污染物迁移对其他环境介质的影响、污染物的种类等方面予以考虑。现行标准修订的最终目的是要建立保护生态和人体健康的“土壤环境和健康质量指导值/标准”,服务于污染场地/土壤的识别及风险管理,同时还需制定保护土壤资源的“土壤自然质量指导值/标准”。A general introduction is given to trend of the research in the world on soil quality guidelines/standards, and the principle as well as application function, and several suggestions for amendment of the existing soil environmental quality standards in China. Derivation of risk-based soil quality guidelines/standards has been an international trend, which takes into consideration land uses, and settings of generic exposure pathways, exposure scenario (e. g. exposure period and frequency) and critical receptors associated with various types of land uses. Risk-based soil quality guidelines/standards are mostly applied to risk management, serving as critical values for identification of contaminated sites/soils. To amend the existing soil environmental quality standards in China, it is essential to take into consideration function and objectives of the standards, methodologies, land uses, effect of the transport of soil contaminants on other environmental media, and categories of soil contaminants. The standards are to be amended to set up “soil environmental and healthy quality guidelines/standards” for protection of the ecology and human health,which will serve for risk identification and comprehensive management of contaminated sites, and meanwhile to set up “soil native quality guidelines/standards” for protection of soil resource.

关 键 词：土壤环境质量 中国 国际动态 标准研究 土地利用方式 环境质量标准 土壤质量 污染场地 风险管理 污染物迁移 研究动态 应用功能 健康风险 环境介质 人体健康 标准修订 土壤资源 暴露 制定 方法论 识别 保护 生态 

分 类 号：X825[环境科学与工程—环境工程] TS202.3[轻工技术与工程—食品科学]