一种深空探测器自主天文导航新方法及其可观测性分析  

A New Autonomous Celestial Navigation Method for Deep Space Probe and Its Observability Analysis

作　　者：宁晓琳[1] 房建成[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学仪器科学与光电工程学院,北京100083

出　　处：《空间科学学报》2005年第4期286-292,共7页Chinese Journal of Space Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(60174031)国家863-703计划项目(2003AA735101)共同资助

摘　　要：天文导航是一种适用于深空探测器的完全自主的导航方法.与传统的直接利用天体观测信息进行滤波的方法不同,针对深空探测器,提出了一种首先利用天文观测信息通过几何解算得到一个初步的定位结果,再结合轨道动力学方程利用多模自适应(MM)滤波方法对初步结果进行再处理的自主天文导航新方法.仿真计算的结果表明,该方法可以明显提高导航定位精度,同时从可观测性和可观测度的角度,分析了应用该方法提高导航定位精度的原因和机理.Celestial navigation method is a kind of important autonomous navigation method for deep space probing. Now it is widely used in many situations, especially in deep space exploration for its special characteristics. There are two kinds of celestial navigation methods. One is to use the geometric technique, in which the navigation information is obtained from the geometric relation between the celestial bodies and explorer. The other is an optimal estimate technique, which uses the celestial measurement as observation directly and employs the extended Kalman filter to estimate the position of explorer. A new autonomous celestial navigation for lunar explorer is developed and investigated in this paper, which combines both these two techniques. At first using the geometric technique to calculate the position of satellite and then reestimate the original position determination results using orbit dynamical equations and Multiple Model (MM) Kalman filter to get a better navigation result. The simulation result shows the high precision of this new method. Finally, the superiority and effectiveness based on the observability and the degree of observability analysis of this method are demonstrated by the simulation result simultaneously.

关 键 词：自主天文导航 深空探测器 多模自适应 可观测性 

分 类 号：V448.223[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计]