生物毒素和中毒控制中常见毒物快速测定技术研究简介  

Development of rapid methods for determination of biotoxins and hazardous chemical contaminants

作　　者：李凤琴 

机构地区：[1]中国疾控中心营养与食品安全所,北京100021

出　　处：《中国食品卫生杂志》2005年第4期294-302,共9页Chinese Journal of Food Hygiene

基　　金：科学技术部国家"十五"科技攻关项目(2001BA804A14)~~

摘　　要：为改变生物毒素和中毒控制领域常见毒物的检测缺乏快速、灵敏、简便技术的现状,选择该领域有代表性的难新问题进行攻关。分别建立了检测粮油食品中AFB1的2个ELISA方法,最低检出浓度分别为0.01μgkg和0.1μgkg,回收率均在80%以上,同时研制出拥有我国自主知识产权的2个AFB1ELISA试剂盒,建立了2条年产量分别为1.5万盒和2000盒的生产线。建立了检测河鱼中河豚毒素的直接和间接ELISA方法,最低检出浓度分别为0.1μgL和1μgL,回收率均高于70%。研制出基于直接法的河豚毒素ELISA试剂盒,筛选出了国产可食的河鱼种。建立了检测粮食中伏马菌素B1的ELISA方法,最低检出浓度为5μgL,回收率75.24%～117.65%,研制出检测伏马菌素B1的ELISA试剂盒。建立了食品和中毒样品中亚硝酸盐、甲醇等20种毒物的快速检测方法,所建方法与国标法相比检测结果差异无显著性,但检测时间缩短50%以上、检测成本降低80%～95%。自行设计研制出便携式智能化微型光电比色仪和光反射传感器,与建立的20种毒物快速检测技术配套使用,实现了中毒样品的现场智能化、自动化快速定量检测。研制出携带方便、便于中毒现场使用的毒物检测箱,建立了一条年产量2000套的生产线。整个课题申请专利5项,批准2项;获奖2项;产生2项国家标准和1项企业标准。在国内外杂志上共发表文章28篇。快速检测技术各项指标均达到国际同等、国内领先水平。Some representative and newly pending tasks in the field of biotoxins and poisoning control were selected to study, due to the lack of rapid, sensitive and simple methods for determination of biotoxins and chemical contaminants in foods. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method for rapid detection of aflatoxin B_1 based respectively on monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies were developed and the corresponding two ELISA test kits were manufactured. The limits of detection (LOD) were 0.01 μg/kg for monoclonal- and 0.1 μg/kg for polyclonal-ELISA test kit. Both test kits have the mean recoveries higher than 80%. Two production lines for both test kits with the respective annual yields of 15?000 and 2?000 were upbuilt. Direct and indirect ELISA methods for detection of tetrodotoxin in puffer fish were developed. The LOD was 0.1 μg/L for the former and 1.0 μg/L for the latter. Recoveries of both were above 70%. ELISA test kit based on direct ELISA for TTX detection was produced and successfully employed in the screening of edible species of puffer fish. Determination of fumonisin B_1 in cereals by ELISA was studied and ELISA test kit was developed. The LOD were 5 μg/L and the recovery ranged from 75.24% to 117.65%. Rapid methods for analysis of twenty hazardous chemical contaminants such as heavy metals, nitrate, nitrite, methanol etc. in foods, biosamples (blood, urine and so on) and left-over samples suspected in relation to human foodborne diseasesThis work was supported by The Grant from National Science and Technology Program Funds of Mimistry of Science and Technology,Chia.( 2001BA804A14) were developed and validated. The analytical time of all methods developed in this study shorten by 50% and the cost decreased by 80%～90%, but no difference in the results, compared with the associated national standard methods. Intelligentized mini-photoelectric colorimeter and photo-reflect sensor have been designed and assembled. Both work well to match with the rapid methods for twenty contaminants mentioned ab

关 键 词：生物毒素 毒物 测定技术 ELISA试剂盒 最低检出浓度 间接ELISA方法 快速检测技术 简介 自主知识产权 快速检测方法 AFB1 河豚毒素 伏马菌素 中毒样品 回收率 控制领域 粮油食品 亚硝酸盐 检测结果 检测时间 成本降低 设计研制 

分 类 号：R155.5[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]